62 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞 Track60
這類復(fù)合形容詞的總體特點(diǎn):
由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,具有共同的“外部關(guān)系”特點(diǎn),即被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,或者說被修飾的名詞可以做現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語。這其實(shí)就是現(xiàn)在分詞特征的體現(xiàn)。
既然外部關(guān)系存在共性,那么“內(nèi)部關(guān)系”則是這一類復(fù)合形容詞的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)。所以正確理解“內(nèi)部關(guān)系”,成為正確使用這一類復(fù)合形容詞的關(guān)鍵。
(1)名詞+及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
a.English-speaking countries
= the people in these countries speak English
b.peace-keeping force = force keeps peace維和部隊(duì)
c.freedom-loving people = people love freedom
d.a man-eating beast = a beast eats man
特點(diǎn):
1)外部關(guān)系:前面說過,存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即被修飾的名詞可以作現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語。
2)內(nèi)部關(guān)系:構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞的名詞(如English,peace)與現(xiàn)在分詞(如speaking,keeping)存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(speak English,keep peace),即可以作現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的賓語。
(2)名詞+不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
a.a night-walking animal = an animal walks at night
b.a winter-blooming plant = a plant blooms in winter
c.a sky-flying kite = a kite flies in the sky
d.a desert-dwelling tribe = a tribe dwell in the desert
e.You may not be able to travel through the skies on your own. But you can be flying high in minutes with a sky-walking kite .
f.Through the centuries, he has served the desert-dwelling Arab as trusted mount, companion, war horse, and family pet.
特點(diǎn):
1)外部關(guān)系:前文說過,具有現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞的共同特征。
2)內(nèi)部關(guān)系:名詞(如night,winter)不是作現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯賓語,而是與特定介詞連用構(gòu)成介詞短語(如at night,in winter)來修飾現(xiàn)在分詞的行為動(dòng)作(walking,blooming)。
(3)形容詞+系動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
a.a good-looking young man = a young man looks good
b.a funny-looking clown = a clown looks funny
c.an easy-going person = a person goes easy with
d.the nice-sounding music = the music sounds nice
特點(diǎn):
1)外部關(guān)系:具有現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞的共同特征。
2)內(nèi)部關(guān)系:形容詞(如good,nice)作現(xiàn)在分詞(如looking,sounding)邏輯上的表語(look good,sound nice)。
(4)副詞+不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
a.far-reaching events = events reach far 有深遠(yuǎn)影響的事件
b.hard-working people = people work hard
c.a far-seeing politician = a politician see far
具有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的政治家
d.naturally-occurring substances =substances occur naturally
特點(diǎn):
1)外部關(guān)系:具有現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞的共同特征。
2)內(nèi)部關(guān)系:副詞(如hard,naturally)作現(xiàn)在分詞(如working,occurring)邏輯上的狀語(work hard,occur naturally)。所以我們不能說natural-occurring substances *。
3)做比較:它與“形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞的區(qū)別。