49　動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)　Track47

 

同不定式類似，動名詞也是動詞的一種變化形式，既然是動詞就應(yīng)該有動作的執(zhí)行者，即主語。而句子主語和動名詞的動作執(zhí)行者并不總是統(tǒng)一的（有時是一樣的，有時不一樣），所以我們把動名詞的主語稱為邏輯主語，以區(qū)別于句子主語。
（1）動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：my doing/Tom's doing
物主代詞（如his，my，your等）或所有格名詞（如Mary's，Tom's等）與動名詞連用，即構(gòu)成動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)（如his doing，Mary's doing），用來引出動名詞的邏輯主語。當句子主語并不是動名詞動作的執(zhí)行者時，我們就需要給出動名詞的邏輯主語。請比較：

 
（2）動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
這種結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作主語或賓語。請看例句：
1）用作主語
Tom's coming home at last was a great consolation.
2）用作動詞賓語
a.Do you mind my making a suggestion?
b.Would you mind Tom's telling us the whole story?
3）用作介詞賓語
a.Our discussion of earthquakes would be incomplete if we didn't raise the possibility of their being caused by external forces.
要是我們沒有考慮到外部力量造成地震的可能性，那么我們對于地震的研究還有欠缺。
b.Clint insisted on my reading the letter.
c.What are the chances of a sleepwalker's committing a murder or doing omething else extraordinary in his sleep?
夢游者在睡夢中實施謀殺或做出其他一些超常活動的可能性有多大呢？
d.When I was a child, I would take a flashlight to bed with me so that I could read comic books without my parents' knowing about it.
（3）普通格還是所有格？
在應(yīng)用動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)時，什么時候用普通格什么時候用所有格，一般遵循下面的原則：
1）若動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語，最好用所有格形式。
a. Tom's refusing to accept the invitation upset me.
b. His refusing to accept the invitation upset me.（不宜用him refusing）
c.It was a great consolation his coming home at last.（不宜用him coming）
2）動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語時，用普通格或所有格均可。
a.Do you mind me making a suggestion?
b.I am annoyed about John forgetting to pay.
c.I remember_________to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A. once offering
B. him once offering
C. him to offer
D. to offer him
正確答案：B。
3）若動名詞的邏輯主語是無生命的“物”而不是“人”，最好用普通格。
a.The noise of the desks being opened and closed can be heard out in the street.
b.There is a necessity for this type of houses being built .
c.In the event of the project not being a success , the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.
萬一這個項目投資失敗，投資者將會損失三千萬美元。
4）若動名詞的邏輯主語是不定代詞（如someone，anyone，everyone等），最好用普通格。
He was awakened by someone knocking on the door.
5）若動名詞的邏輯主語由較長的一組詞構(gòu)成，最好用普通格。
a.There is no point any one of us arguing with him.
b.I've always had in my mind a dream of my father , mother and I living together.
c.Do you remember John and his father coming to see us last Christmas?