32　比較狀語從句　Track31

 

（1） as
1） "as +形容詞 / 副詞+ as”結(jié)構(gòu)
a.The work is not as difficult as you think.
b.Eyes are as eloquent as lips (are).
c.An adult human must take eight steps to go as far as a giraffe does in one stride.
2） "as +形容詞+ a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ as”結(jié)構(gòu)
a.Americans tend to think from small to large. Let us take as simple an example as the addressing of envelopes.
美國人的思維傾向由小到大。我們舉一個寫信封地址的簡單例子吧。
b.Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on so many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as the growth of electronics.
c.He caught as large a fish as I did that day.
d.I didn't finish as large a part of the work as he did.
e.I didn't finish as a large part of the work as he did.*
3）在否定句中第一個as可用so代替。
a.He is not so/as clever as you.
b.No other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public health as the United States does.（注意否定詞No在句首，故此句為否定句）
4）為了保持句子平衡，從句還可以用全部倒裝或部分倒裝。
a.Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.
b.The computer revolution may well change society as fundamentally as did the Industrial Revolution .
（2） than
1）兩個同類事物才能比較，如he和I。兩個非同類事物是無法比較的。
a.He is taller than I (am).
b.The weather of the South is wetter than the North. *
分析：這是典型的錯誤句子，因為the weather of the South和the North是兩個截然不同的事物，無法進行比較。只能是“南方的天氣”和“北方的天氣”兩個同類事物才能比較。故原句應改為：The weather of the South is wetter than that of the North.（為避免重復，用that代替 the weather）
c.Young readers, more often than not（A）, find the novels of（B） Dickens far more（C） exciting than Thackeray（D）.
正確答案：D，應改為Thackeray's。這里的比較對象是兩位作家的小說。Thackeray's也就相當于Thackeray's novels。
2）在有than的比較句子里，主句中必須有比較級形式出現(xiàn)。
a.He has made great contributions to the company than anyone else.*
本句中應將great改為greater。
b.There are few electronic applications_________to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.
A. likely
B. more likely
C. most likely
D. much likely
正確答案：B。
c.On the whole（A）, ambitious students are much likely（B） to succeed in their studies than are those（C） with little（D） ambition.
正確答案：B，應改為more likely。
3）為了保持句子平衡，從句還可以用全部倒裝或部分倒裝。
a.The surface conditions on the planet Mars are more like the Earth's than are those of any other planet in the solar system.
b.The air inside a house or office building often has higher concentrations of contaminants_________heavily polluted outside air.
A. than does
B. more
C. as some that are
D. like of
正確答案：A。
（3）表示“倍數(shù)比較”的三種句型
在英文中，除了用than，as來對兩個事物進行比較外，我們還可以用 times 一詞來說明兩事物之間的倍數(shù)關(guān)系。例如，A是B的三倍長，我們可以說：
a.A is three times the length of B.
b.A is three times longer than B.
c.A is three times as long as B.
故在英文中，表示兩個事物倍數(shù)關(guān)系的比較，我們可用以下三種句型：
1） A is...times the size (或其他形容詞對應的名詞形式) of B.
2） A is...times bigger (或其他形容詞比較級) than B.
3） A is...times as big (或其他形容詞原級) as B.
其中，句1）中形容詞對應名詞的形式還有：big/size，long/length，wide/width，heavy/weight，high/height等。
這里同樣強調(diào)兩事物之間的可比性。如：
a.The earth has a mass that is one hundred times the moon . *
這句中兩個被比較的事物是地球的質(zhì)量與月球的質(zhì)量，而不是地球的質(zhì)量與月球。故應將原句改為：
b.The earth has a mass that is one hundred times that of the moon.
c.Americans eat_________as they actually need every day.
A. twice as much protein
B. twice protein as much twice
C. twice protein as much
D. protein as twice much
正確答案：A。
（4） "The more...，the more...”句型表示比較
1）注意此句型的主從句關(guān)系：“The +比較級（從句），the +比較級（主句）”。
2）翻譯成漢語時先譯從句，后譯主句。
a. The more she practiced, the worse she sang.
b. The less you open your heart to others, the more your heart suffers.
c. The nearer it is drawn to the surface of the earth（從句）, the more a body weighs（主句）.　一個物體離地球表面越近，重量就越大。
d. The more we help others, the more we receive in return. We advance ourselves as we help others.
幫助別人越多，我們獲得的回報也越多。幫助了別人，提升了自己。
e. The more you leave things to chance, the less chance there is for you.
f.Friends are lights in winter: the older the friend, the brighter the light.　朋友猶如冬日里的暖陽，愈久彌珍。
g. The higher you go（從句）, the less dense air becomes（主句）. =Air becomes less dense（主句）the higher you go（從句）.你升得越高，空氣就會變得越稀薄。
h. The higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
你的地位越高，你擔任的行政管理工作權(quán)限越大，你就越是要注意在單位內(nèi)部的管理能力，這比技術(shù)能力和專業(yè)知識更重要。
i .The better a man's self-image, the better friends he is likely to choose, hence the better the relationship, and hence his self-esteem is enhanced. The worse a man's self-image, the more likely he is to choose jerks for friends, hence the relationship is likely to go bad, and his self-image is further lowered because of this failure. So the lesson is obvious. You cannot depend on others for your sense of self-worth. It must come from within you.
一個人的自我形象越好，他所交的朋友也會越好，因此這樣的友誼就會越濃厚，從而也就增強了他的自信心。反之，一個人若是自我形象越差，所交的朋友也會越差，因此這樣的友誼很可能會變質(zhì)，這種人際交往的失敗進而會導致自我形象貶低。因此，道理很簡單，自我價值的提升不在于他人而在于自己。
若主句主語較長，主句還可用倒裝句式：
j. The more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing.
k.Hubble's law states that the greater the distance between any two galaxies,_________ is their relative speed of separation.
A. the greatest
B. the greater
C. greater than
D. as great as
正確答案：B。
（5） "(Just) as...，so...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示類比
1）基本意思是“正如……，所以……”。
2）后半句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
a. As you sow, so will you reap/so you will reap.
種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。
b. Just as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, so no lies can cover up the fact. 烏云遮不住太陽，謊言掩蓋不了事實。
c. Just as food nourishes the body, so do books enrich the mind.
食物滋養(yǎng)身體，書本豐富心靈。
d. As it is the mark of great minds to say many things in a few words, so it is the mark of little minds to use many words to say nothing.
大智者寥寥數(shù)語，即能達意；寡智者口若懸河，仍言之無物。
e. As land is improved by sowing it with various seeds, so is the mind by exercising it with different studies.
土壤因播種不同的種子而改良，智力用各科的學習來提高。
f.Just as the soil is a part of the earth,_________the atmosphere.
A. as it is
B. the same is
C. so is
D. and so is
正確答案：C。
g.Just as they must put aside their prejudices,_________we must be prepared to accept their good faith.
A. thus
B. so
C. as
D. like
正確答案：B。
（6） A is to B what/as C is to D.
這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫為：What/As C is to D, so is A to B/that A is to B.
a.Air is to man what/as water is to fish. = What/As water is to fish, so is air to man/ that air is to man.
b.Sixteen is to eight what two is to one.
c.The people is to the people's army what water is to fish.
軍民魚水情。
d.Personality is to man what perfume is to a flower.
人的品格，猶如花的芳香。
e. What/As blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation/ so is railway to transportation.
f.Case study is to Harvard what the Leaning Tower is to Pisa.
（7） "no more...than”表示比較
1） no more...than或not...any more than的基本意思是“同……一樣不……”。
2） than后的句子為肯定形式，否定意思。
a.The Emperor can see no more than his Ministers.
此句相當于：The Emperor can not see and his ministers can not see, either.
b.You are no more clever than he.
此句相當于：You are not clever and he is not clever, either./You are as stupid as he.
比較：
You are not more clever than he.
此句意思是：You are as clever as he./You both are clever, not stupid.
c.A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.
傻瓜看不到自己的愚蠢，就像他看不到自己的耳朵一樣。
d.Unmerited praise is no more honor than deserved blame is.
不該得到的表揚和應該受批評一樣不光彩。
e.As a jazz lover, I find it refreshing that many Chinese pop stars are beginning to be influenced by jazz, and are including jazzy rhythms and harmonies in their songs. However, incorporating jazz elements into pop music does not make it jazz, any more than putting chili pepper into a McDonald's hamburger turns it into Sichuan cuisine.
作為一個爵士樂迷，我發(fā)現(xiàn)很多中國流行歌星們開始受到爵士樂的影響，正在把爵士樂的節(jié)奏與和聲運用到他們的歌曲當中。然而，把爵士樂的元素摻進流行樂，并不能將流行音樂變成爵士樂，這就像把辣椒放進麥當勞的漢堡包也不能把它變成川菜一樣。
f.The heart is_________intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
A. not so
B. not much
C. no more
D. much more
正確答案：C。
（8） "not A so much as B/not so much A as B”表示比較
1）基本含義為“與其說A倒不如說B”或“是B，而不是A”，但在實際句子中翻譯非常靈活。
2） A和B是兩個被比較的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，比如同為介詞短語、動詞不定式或名詞短語等。
a.The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.（被比較的是：動詞不定式短語）
b.The trumpet player was certainly loud, but I was not bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.（被比較的是：介詞短語）
c.The great thing in this world is notso much where we stand as in what direction we are moving.
人生的意義不在于你目前身在何處，而在于你心向何方。
d.We both agreed that our marriage had taken a marked decline in the romance department. And it was n't a lack of intimacy that concerned us so much as the lack of conversation. Conversation, in fact, has always been our aphrodisiac.
我們倆都承認，我們的婚姻在浪漫這方面已大打折扣了。這倒不是因為缺少親密感，而是缺少交流。事實上，保持交談曾一直是我們感情的催化劑。
e.He does not respect learning and prefers "sport”. The problem set for society is not the virtue of the type so much as its adequacy for its function.
他不重視學習，只喜歡“消遣”。社會要回答的問題并不是這類人物有無美德，而是他是否勝任其職務。