31　讓步狀語(yǔ)從句　Track30

 

（1）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞
常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有though，although，even though，even if。此時(shí)，主句前不能用but，但可以用yet 或 still。
a.Though/Although he tried hard, (yet/still) he failed.
b.Although I didn't know anybody at the party, I had a very good time.
c.The family is the essential presence...—the thing that never leaves you, even if you find you have to leave it.
d.Although Mr. Smith studied art（A） in Paris, but his（B） writings attracted much（C） more interest than（D） his paintings.
正確答案：B，應(yīng)改為his，即把but去掉。
e.Although Professor Green's lectures usually ran over（A） the fifty-minute period, but（B） none（C） of his students even objected（D） as they found his lectures both informative and interesting.
正確答案：B，把but去掉。
（2）介詞表示讓步
although，though是連詞，因此后邊只接從句（有時(shí)是省略形式的從句），而介詞despite，in spite of，for all，notwithstanding只接名詞（短語(yǔ)）。
a.Though he was inexperienced, he did a very good job. = In spite of his inexperience, ...或In spite of his being inexperienced, ...
b.Although it was dangerous, ... = Despite the danger, ...
c.Though the weather was bad, ... = In spite of the bad weather, ...
d.Despite（A） fats and oils are nutritionally（B） important as（C） energy sources, medical research indicates（D） that saturated fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.
正確答案：A，應(yīng)改為T(mén)hough或Although。
e. _____what he achieved in medicine, he remained modest.
A. Despite
B. Although
C. If
D. Whereas
正確答案：A。
分析：因?yàn)檫@里what = things that, 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)名詞性從句，其本質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，故此處仍需要用介詞。用although只能說(shuō)成：Although he achieved a lot in medicine, he remained modest.
f. ____tired, he wouldn't stop working.
A. Despite
B. For all
C. Though
D. Whereas
正確答案：C。
分析：這是一個(gè)省略的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，原句相當(dāng)于：Though he was tired, he wouldn't stop working.
（3） while置于句首一般表示“盡管……”
while位于句首，一般意為“盡管……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。在很多閱讀文章中我們常見(jiàn)到while的這一用法。
a. While I sympathize with（同意） your point of view, I cannot accept it.
b. While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May.
c.Now the U.S. Supreme Court has spoken. Let there be no doubt, while I strongly disagree with the court's decision, I accept it. And tonight, for the sake of our unity of the people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession. (Former U.S. Vice President Al Gore's concession speech)
d. While the government pushed for a total breakup of the software maker, Microsoft fought fiercely against any positions that would affect its ability to compete in the marketplace.
（4） no matter wh-
No matter + what/who/when/where/which/how可以代替whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever/however來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
a.We have decided to do so, whatever happens.
b. Whoever may trouble you, I will help you to the last.
c. No matter what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not decrease in value. Many times in our lives, we are dropped, crumpled, and ground into the dirt by the decisions we make and the circumstances that come our way. We feel as though we are worthless. But no matter what has happened or what will happen, you will never lose your value in God's eyes. The worth of our lives come not in what we do or who we know but by WHO WE ARE! You are special—Don't ever forget it!
無(wú)論我如何對(duì)待那張鈔票，你們還是想要它，因?yàn)樗](méi)貶值。人生路上，我們會(huì)無(wú)數(shù)次地被自己的決定和碰到的逆境擊倒、欺凌甚至碾得粉身碎骨。我們覺(jué)得自己似乎一文不值。但無(wú)論發(fā)生了什么，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生什么，在上帝的眼中，你們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)喪失價(jià)值。生命的價(jià)值不依賴(lài)我們的所作所為，也不仰仗我們結(jié)交的人物，而是取決于我們本身！你們是獨(dú)特的——永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記這一點(diǎn)。
（5） as的倒裝句
as接倒裝句表示讓步，這一結(jié)構(gòu)有：

 
a. Young as he is, he is knowledgeable.（形容詞）
b. Much as I respect him, I can not agree with him.（副詞）
c .Child as he is, he is knowledgeable.（名詞不帶冠詞）
d. Lazy a boy as he is, he is kind to help others.（注意詞序：Lazy a boy）
e. Oldest in our workshop as he is, he works hardest.（此時(shí)，最高級(jí)前不用the）
f. Praised as he was, he remained modest.（分詞）
g. Again as he failed in doing this experiment, he didn't lose heart.（副詞）
h._________, she often behaves like a child.
A. As old is she
B. As old she is
C. Old as is she
D. Old as she is
正確答案：D。
另外，我們可以把動(dòng)詞原形置于句首，此時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為：V + as + S + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞（may/might/will/would/can/could/do/does/did）。若動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，則其賓語(yǔ)也要隨著動(dòng)詞提前。
i. Lose money as I did, I got a lot of experience.（不用lost，賓語(yǔ)money緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面）
j. Try as you will, you won't manage it.（動(dòng)詞原形提前）
k. Fail as I did, I would never stop trying.（動(dòng)詞原形提前）
l. Try as he will, no man breaks wholly loose from his first love, no matter who she is.
不管怎么樣，沒(méi)有一個(gè)男人能夠完完全全忘卻自己的初戀，不管她是誰(shuí)。
注意：這里的as可以替換為that或though，盡管這樣的情況比較少見(jiàn)。不可以用although。
m.Poor_________he is, he is honest and kind.
A. that
B. however
C. because
D. although
正確答案：A。
n._________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A. Although much he likes her
B. Much although he likes her
C. As he likes her much
D. Much as he likes her
正確答案：D。
o.Much although（A） I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal（B） her in thoroughness, whatever（C） the job（D）.
正確答案：A，應(yīng)改為Much as。
（6） As/So +形容詞+ as +主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，放在句首，表示讓步。
a. As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and study tonight.　盡管約翰不愿意，但他今晚還是得待在家里學(xué)習(xí)。
b. As amusing and perceptive as graffiti may sometimes be, it has by no means won universal approval.
盡管涂鴉有時(shí)可以怡人情趣并發(fā)人深思，但它決沒(méi)有贏得普遍的認(rèn)同。
c. As important as your obligation as a doctor, a lawyer or a business leader will be, you are a human being first, and those human connections with spouses, with children, with friends are the most important investments you will ever make. At the end of your life, you will never regret not having passed one more test, winning one more verdict, closing one more deal. You will regret time not spent with a husband, a child, a friend or a parent. Our success as a society depends not on what happens in the White House but on what happens inside your house. (America's Former First Lady Barbara Bush, to students at a college commencement)
盡管你們將來(lái)或許要成為一名醫(yī)生、一位律師或是一個(gè)商人而肩負(fù)重任，但首先你是一個(gè)平凡的人。因此，你與自己的配偶、孩子、朋友之間的親情或友情是最為重要的。在你生命臨終前，讓你感到后悔的不會(huì)是因?yàn)闆](méi)有多做一次醫(yī)學(xué)測(cè)試、沒(méi)能多打贏一場(chǎng)官司或沒(méi)有多做成一筆生意，而是后悔沒(méi)有多花時(shí)間陪你的丈夫、孩子、朋友或是父母。社會(huì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步依賴(lài)于每一個(gè)家庭，而不是白宮。（美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)布什夫人芭芭拉·布什在一所大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上的演講）
d. As important as qualifications are, and you won't get to an interview without the qualifications, the most thing in fact is the character and how a person presents himself at interview. I find it very difficult to define exactly the sort of person I am looking for, but when I meet someone I can tell whether they are the sort of person that I would like to appoint or whether they are not.
在求職過(guò)程中，資歷固然很重要，因?yàn)槿魶](méi)有很好的資歷，你是得不到面試機(jī)會(huì)的。但事實(shí)上，最重要的是你的個(gè)性以及在面談中如何去展現(xiàn)自己。有時(shí)很難確切地說(shuō)我需要何種類(lèi)型的人才，但是在面談過(guò)程中，我能夠判斷出他們是否是我所需要聘任的人。
（7） be引導(dǎo)的倒裝句表示讓步
a.All substances, be they gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.= All substances, whether they may be gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.
一切物質(zhì)，不論是氣態(tài)、液態(tài)還是固態(tài)，都是由原子構(gòu)成的。
b.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them （= whether it may be selling goods or shipping them）, went quite smoothly.
每天的生意，不論是售貨還是運(yùn)貨，都進(jìn)展得很順利。
c. Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home. = However humble it may be, there is no place like home.
金窩銀窩，不如自己的草窩。
d.Home is home, be it never so homely.
e._________, I will marry him all the same.
A. Were he rich or poor
B. Whether rich or poor
C. Being rich or poor
D. Be he rich or poor
正確答案：D。