高中語法專練：vii. 其他情況

vii. 其他情況

1. 當(dāng)名詞中心詞為表示度量、時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表示一個整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)個體意義時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Six months is too short a time to learn a language.

六個月太短了學(xué)不了一門語言。

Four weeks has passed since I came here.

自從我來這里，四周已經(jīng)過去了。

Fifty miles is a long distance.

五十英里是一段很長的距離。

There are seven days in a week.

一周有七天。

2. 當(dāng)主語是由“all/some/any/enough/most/percent/half+of+名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)保持一致。

Half of the books were written in English.

一半書是用英語寫的。

Half of the apple has gone bad.

半個蘋果壞了。

Most of us have been to Beijing.

我們中大多數(shù)人去過北京。

The rest of the paper is dirty.

其余的紙是臟的。

All of the money is yours.

所有的錢都是你的。

注意： 當(dāng)all, some, any, enough, most, person, half單獨作主語時，根據(jù)意義一致原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。

All are here now.

所有人都到了。

I have seen the wall, and half is red.

我看過那堵墻，一半是紅的。

3. 主語由“kind/series/sort/type/pile of+名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語的數(shù)與修飾名詞的kind, series, sort, type, pile等的數(shù)保持一致。

Some new types of buses are on show.

一些新型公共汽車在展銷。

This kind of men is dangerous.

這種人很危險。

There's a pile of clothes in the room.

房間里有一堆衣服。

注意： 當(dāng)主語由“名詞+ of this kind/sort/type等”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)保持一致。

Apples of this sort are very good.

這種蘋果很好。

Men of this kind are dangerous.

這種人很危險。

4. “a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。

A number of s tudents are playing there.

很多學(xué)生在那里玩兒。

The number of students in our school has reached 2，000.

我校學(xué)生人數(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到兩千人。

5. “majority/portion/part/percentage/the rest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

地球表面四分之三是大海。

35 percent of the doctors are women.

百分之三十五的大夫是女性。

Part of the story was true.

這故事部分是真的。

The majority of the people present at the meeting were model workers.

在場的人中大多數(shù)是模范工人。

注意： 如果中心詞是one,后跟由in/out of/of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

One apple out of ten is bad.

十分之一的蘋果是壞的。

One apple in every ten is bad.

十分之一的蘋果是壞的。

6. “one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或“a/an+名詞+and a half”短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

One and a half apples is left on the table.

一個半蘋果留在了桌子上。

An apple and a half is left on the table.

一個半蘋果留在了桌子上。

7. “the+形容詞/分詞”作主語，表示一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示某個人、物或抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

The rich aren't always happy.

富人并非總是幸福的。

The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.

受傷的人在醫(yī)院里得到很好的照料。

The wounded was Tom's father.

那個傷員是湯姆的父親。

The good isn't always beautiful.

好的并非總是美的。

The old gives place to the new.

新陳代謝。

8. 表示前后照應(yīng)關(guān)系的詞組，如the above, the below, the former, the latter, the following, the rest等，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指對象來決定謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)的形式。

The above is/are the most important fact/facts.

上邊的是最重要的事實。

The following are mistaken sentences .

下面的是錯誤的句子。

Of these two men, the former is dead, but the latter is still alive.

這兩個人中，前者死了，后者仍然活著。

9. “a great/good many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

A great many red apples are on the ground.

很多紅蘋果都在地上。

“many a+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Many a student was noticed to attend yesterday's meeting.

很多學(xué)生都被通知參加昨天的會議。

10. “a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a little of/a large amount/a large quantity of等+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

A large amount of money is spent on the clothes.

大量的錢花在了衣服上。

注意： “quantities of/amounts of +可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語都用復(fù)數(shù)。

Large quantities of water have been poured into the river.

大量的水被倒進(jìn)了河里。

Large amounts of books were sent to the students in poor districts.

大量的書本被送給了貧窮地區(qū)的學(xué)生。

11. 由and連接兩個或兩個以上的不定式或動名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Playing football and watching TV are both interesting.

踢足球和看電視都很有趣。

Where to spend the holiday and when to leave haven't been decided yet.

何地度假以及何時動身還沒有決定。

12. 表示抽象意義的不定式、分詞、名詞從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Making model planes is more difficult than making model ships.

建造模型飛機(jī)要比建造模型輪船困難。

That he will come is certain.

他要來是確定無疑的。

13. population作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)意義而定。

One third of the population here are workers.

這里三分之一的人是工人。

What is the population of China?

中國有多少人口？

14. 由there, here引起的句子，謂語動詞的數(shù)采取就近原則。

Here comes the bus and the cars.

公共汽車和小汽車來了。

Where is your wife and children?

你的老婆孩子哪里去了？

There's a girl and five boys in the classroom.

教室里有一個女孩和五個男孩。

15. 不可數(shù)名詞前如果有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如“millions of tons of, hundreds of boxes of+不可數(shù)名詞”。

Three hundred tons of waste water were sent into the river every day.

每天有三百噸廢水被排進(jìn)了河里。

16. one, another, little, a little, either, much等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Little remains to be done, so we can go home now.

仍需要做的幾乎沒有了，因此我們現(xiàn)在可以回家了。

—Which end of the boat can I sit on?

—Either is OK if you keep still.

——我該坐在船哪頭？

——只要你不動彈，哪頭都可以。

17. 以-one, -body, -thing結(jié)尾構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Anyone is supposed to be here by 7 o'clock tomorrow morning.

明天早上任何人都應(yīng)該在七點以前到這里。

Since everything has been done, you can do anything you'd like to.

既然一切都做完了，你們可以做你們愿意做的事情。

18. both, few, a few, several, many, others等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Many have been invited here, but few have accepted the invitation.

很多人收到來這里的邀請，但是很少人接受邀請。

19. 表示加減乘除的句式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

5 times 6 is 30.

五乘六得三十。

9 divided by 3 equals 3.

九除三得三。

8 plus/and 5 is 13.

八加五是十三。

20. such作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。

Such is Albert Einstein , a simple scientist.

這就是愛因斯坦，一個簡樸的科學(xué)家。

Such are my suggestions.

這就是我的建議。

專項練習(xí)

1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _______ of desert _______ covered the land.

A. number; has

B. quantity; has

C. number; have

D. quantity; have

2. More than a dozen students in that school _______ abroad to study medicines last year.

A. sent

B. were sent

C. had sent

D. had been sent

3. With the development of social economy, _______ of the citizens in that village _______ in big flats.

A. close to 80 percents; live

B. nearly 80 percentage; live

C. close to 80 percent; live

D. nearly 80 percentages; live

4. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _______ comfortably.

A. is worn

B. wearing

C. wears

D. are worn

5. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.

A. has not been decided

B. are to decide

C. has not decided

D. have not decided

6. We don't think that another five days _______ necessary for us.

A. is

B. has been

C. are

D. have been

7. The number of the cars made in our factory this year _______ in yours.

A. is more than that

B. are more than those

C. are larger than those

D. is larger than that

8. Several of the cups in the set _______ in delivery.

A. was smashed

B. was smashing

C. were smashed

D. were smashing

9. Collecting stamps as a hobby _______ increasingly popular during the past ten years.

A. becomes

B. became

C. has become

D. have become

10. Ten percent of the men _______ on the field of battle calling for medical assistance that just is not available at the present time.

A. is laid

B. are lying

C. are laid

D. are laying

11. On his desk _______ a computer, a fax machine and a couple of phones.

A. have

B. has

C. is　there

D. is

12. The nation wants peace; only a minority _______ the war to continue.

A. want

B. wants

C. wanted

D. has wanted

13. There _______ one or two things that I have to mention.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

14. Ten minutes _______ ideas perfectly clear.

A. make his

B. makes his

C. make their

D. make one's

15. The first part of the lecture was interesting but the rest _______.

A. was dull

B. were dull

C. had been dull

D. were too dull

16. Every means _______ tried but without much result.

A. has been

B. have been

C. are

D. is

17. Half of the audience _______ foreigners.

A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. has been

18. Another three weeks _______ necessary for us to finish the work.

A. are

B. was

C. is

D. will have been

19. Plenty of fruits, eggs and vegetables _______ needed for health.

A. are

B. is

C. is being

D. have

20. Today there _______ a number of telephone calls from the applicants for the position.

A. have been

B. is having

C. has been

D. are to have

21. To listen to fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends _______ two pleasures in life.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. has been

22. Of particular interest to visitors _______ the large number of bookstores that sell books in different languages.

A. have been

B. are

C. is

D. were

23. A large number of English learners _______ the language with the help of software these days.

A. is learning

B. has learned

C. are learning

D. learn

24. Those are mine; the rest _______ yours.

A. is

B. will be

C. are

D. belong to

25. More than one guest _______ invited to the dinner party.

A. were

B. was

C. has

D. have

26. One and half apples _______ left on the table.

A. has

B. have

C. is

D. are

27. Ten percent of the workers in this city _______ now on strike.

A. is

B. are

C. is to be

D. are to be

28. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _______ covered with the sea.

A. are

B. is

C. has been

D. am

29. Most of the population in the village _______ under-nourished in the past.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

30. Writing the stories and poems _______ what I enjoy most.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

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