高中語法專練：viii. 帶介詞to的動詞短語和不定式的省略

viii. 帶介詞to的動詞短語和不定式的省略

1. 有些動詞短語中的to是介詞，后需要跟名詞或動名詞，注意要與動詞不定式區(qū)分。

這些動詞短語有g(shù)et down to, keep to, find one's way to, put one's heart to, admit to, turn to, lead to, look forward to, put one's mind to, stick to, be related to, be familiar to, be accustomed to, get used to, be faithful to, see to, be equal to, be object to, in addition to, be open to等。

What led to his failing to pass the university examination this year?

是什么使他今年考不上大學(xué)呢？

Have you got used to living here?

你已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這里的生活嗎？

Who sees to dealing with these problems?

是誰負(fù)責(zé)處理這些問題呢？

2. 一些情態(tài)動詞ought to, need to, dare to, would/would like to, would love to, used to, have to, be going to, be able to后省略已經(jīng)提到的或已知的內(nèi)容。

—Does he live here？

—No, but he used to .

——他居住在這里嗎？

——不，但是他過去在這里居住。

—Has she done washing？

—No, but she's going to .

——她洗過衣服了嗎？

——沒有，但是她就要洗呢。

I know you aren't willing to do it, but you have to .

我知道你不愿意做那件事情，但是你不得不做。

She wanted to go, but she wasn't able to .

她想去，但是不能去。

3. 動詞want, plan, decide, love, like, promise, know, forget, prepare, hope, wish, try, refuse, hate, expect, fail, manage, agree, pretend, afford后省略已提到的或已知的內(nèi)容。

—Did you get a ticket?

—No, I tried to . But there wasn't any left.

——你搞到票了嗎？

——沒有，我嘗試了。但是沒有余票了。

—Did you ask her to go with you?

—Yes, but she refused to .

——你請她和你一起去了嗎？

——請過了。但是她拒絕了。

—Do you like playing jokes?

—Yes, but now I hate to.

——你喜歡開玩笑嗎？

——是的。但是現(xiàn)在不想開。

4. 疑問詞接不定式作賓語時，不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的內(nèi)容。

I want to repair this TV set, but I don't know how to .

我想修理這臺電視機(jī)，但是我不知道如何修理。

I'm going to buy a pen. Could you tell me where to ?

我要買一支鋼筆，你能告訴我在哪里能買到嗎？

Tom is the first to sing. I don't know who is the next to.

湯姆第一個要唱歌。我不知道下一個會是誰。

5. 形容詞afraid, anxious, careful, eager, glad, happy, kind, lucky, proud, ready, sorry, able后可省略已提到的或已知的內(nèi)容。

—Can the baby walk yet?

—No, he's not able to .

——這小孩會走路了嗎？

——不，他還不會。

—Would you mind going to the cinema with me?

—No, I'll be glad to .

——你介意和我去看電影嗎？

——不介意。我很喜歡去呢。

—Shall we have a drink?

—Ok. I'm eager to .

——我們喝點(diǎn)東西好嗎？

——好吧。我很想喝。

6. 動詞allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, order, permit, teach, prefer, want, warn, wish, command, forbid后作主補(bǔ)或者賓補(bǔ)的不定式可省略已提及或已知的內(nèi)容。

—Why didn't you come this morning?

—Because I wasn't told to .

——今天早上你為什么不來呢？

——因?yàn)槲覜]有被告知要來。

—I don't want to learn English, but my parents forced me to.

—Yesterday she wanted to go swimming alone, but the teacher didn't allow her to.

——我不想學(xué)英語，但是我父母強(qiáng)迫要我學(xué)。

——昨天她想獨(dú)自去游泳，但是老師沒有允許。

7. 作名詞time, chance, duty, right, way定語的不定式可省略已提及或已知的內(nèi)容。

I'll come as soon as I get a chance to .

我一有機(jī)會就來。

I'd like to do it now, but I haven't the time to .

我現(xiàn)在就想做此事，但是沒有時間做。

8. it作形式主語，不定式作邏輯主語時，可省略已提及或已知的內(nèi)容。

—Shall I give the dog a chocolate?

—It's better not to .

——我給那條狗一根巧克力好嗎？

——最好別給它。

—Why didn't you get up at 4 o'clock this morning?

—Because it was impossible for me to .

——今天早上你為什么不在4點(diǎn)鐘起床呢？

——因?yàn)閷ξ襾碚f那是不可能做到的。

9. 如果重復(fù)的不定式是 to be或者 to have時，通常保留be或have。

—Are you a party member?

—No, but I want to be .

——你是黨員嗎？

——不是。但是我也想成為黨員。

—He hasn't finished his homework yet.

—Well, he ought to have.

——他還沒有完成家庭作業(yè)呢。

——哦，他本應(yīng)該完成了。

10. 作有些感官動詞（feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see等）的賓補(bǔ)時，to也必須省去。

I don't want to steal, but my father made me .

我不想偷竊。但是我父親迫使我那樣做。

—Did anyone enter the room?

—No. I saw no one .

——有人進(jìn)去過嗎？

——沒有，我沒有看到任何人進(jìn)去。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. Have you got used _______ here now?

A. to live

B. living

C. to living

D. to be living

2. Those who were object _______ the suggestions were asked to put up their hands.

A. to accepting

B. to accept

C. for accepting

D. for

3. —Would you like to go with us for an outing tomorrow？

—Yes, _______.

A. I'd like

B. I'd like to go

C. I'd love

D. I'd like to

4. Thomas wanted to buy a sports car, but he _______.

A. wasn't able to

B. wasn't able to afford

C. wasn't able

D. didn't able to

5. Will you show me _______ a guide book?

A. where to get

B. where to getting

C. where getting

D. where in getting

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