高中語法專練：i. 時(shí)間狀語從句

i. 時(shí)間狀語從句

1. when, while, as

1）當(dāng)表示主句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的過程中從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，這時(shí)when, while, as可以換用。

He entered the room when/while/as the meeting was going on.

他進(jìn)入房間時(shí)，會議正在進(jìn)行。

2）當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，when= as

As/When Jim finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.

當(dāng)吉姆結(jié)束自己的講話時(shí)，聽眾們突然發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。

2. 只能用when的情況：

1）當(dāng)主句的謂語是was/were doing,從句的動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生時(shí)；

I was reading when the bell rang.

我正在讀書時(shí)突然門鈴響了。

2）當(dāng)主句的謂語是was/were about to do時(shí)；

He was about to go when the policeman arrived.

他正要走時(shí)，警察來了。

3）當(dāng)主句的謂語是was/were going to do時(shí)；

I was going out when it started to rain.

我正要出去呢，就在這時(shí)天下雨了。

4）當(dāng)主句的謂語是was/were on the point of doing時(shí)；

She was on the point of falling asleep when the earthquake happened.

她正要入睡呢，就在這時(shí)地震發(fā)生了。

5）當(dāng)主句的謂語是had just done sth.時(shí)；

He had just got off the car when it caught fire.

他剛下車，車就著火了。

6）When it comes to ...意為“當(dāng)提到……時(shí)”

When it comes to his childhood, a sweet smile always can be seen on his face.

當(dāng)提到他的童年的時(shí)候，總能看到甜蜜的微笑浮現(xiàn)在他的臉上。

3. 用while的情況

1）while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

He fell asleep while he was reading .

他在閱讀的時(shí)候睡著了。

While she was cooking , I was watching TV.

她在做飯而我在看電視。

Please buy me some postcards while you are in Beijing .

你在北京的時(shí)候請給我買幾張明信片。

They got married while they were still at university .

他們在上大學(xué)的時(shí)候結(jié)了婚。

2）while可以表示主、從句所言的兩種情況相反或相對比，可譯為“而，然而”，但此時(shí)while引導(dǎo)的不是時(shí)間狀語從句。

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

她以為我在談?wù)撍畠海欢聦?shí)上我在談?wù)撐业呐畠骸?/p>

I noticed that Harold's marbles grew fewer and fewer, while the other boys' pockets grew fatter and fatter.

我注意到哈羅德的彈子越來越少，而別的男孩子衣袋卻越來越鼓。

4. 只能用as的情況

1）as表示“隨著……”之意時(shí)；

As the day went on , the weather got worse.

隨著日子的一天天過去，天氣變得更糟了。

2）as表示“一邊……一邊”時(shí)；

As/while she was milking, she was singing.

她一邊擠奶一邊唱歌。

3）當(dāng)表示主從句兩個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí);

He fell to the ground just as he reached the school gate.

就在他到達(dá)學(xué)校門口時(shí)摔倒在了地上。

4）與名詞連用，表示“在作為……的時(shí)候”

As a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster.

年輕的時(shí)候，他當(dāng)過店主和郵政局長。

5. 表示“一……就……”的連詞或短語

1）as soon as當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

As soon as I finish my homework , I will watch TV.

我一做完作業(yè)就看電視。

2）在hardly ... when/no sooner ... than/scarcely ... when結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)hardly/scarcely/no sooner放在句首時(shí)，主句必須用倒裝語序；主句的時(shí)態(tài)須用過去完成時(shí)，從句須用一般過去時(shí)。

Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

我一進(jìn)房間就聽到一聲巨響。

No sooner had I got home than I turned on TV.

我一到家就打開電視。

3）the moment/the minute/the second/the instance ...后直接接從句。

The moment he arrives at school, he will telephone me.

他一到學(xué)校就會給我打電話。

4）immediately, instantly ...后直接接從句

Every morning we get up immediately/instantly we hear the bell ring.

每天早上我們一聽到鈴響就起床。

6. every morning/every time/every day/every year（每……）后直接接從句

Every time he comes to Shanghai , he comes to see me.

每次他來上海，都來看我。

7. It was +時(shí)間點(diǎn)+ when引導(dǎo)從句

1）it指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，時(shí)間前無介詞，when從句是狀語從句；當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，when從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

It was 11 o'clock when I got home last night.

昨天夜里我到家時(shí)是十一點(diǎn)。

2）注意： 時(shí)間前有介詞是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

It was at 11 o'clock that I got home last night.

昨天夜里我正是在十一點(diǎn)到家的。

8. before

1）... before ... could表示“沒有來得及做某事就……”，主句經(jīng)常用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

He (had) hit me in the face before I could have time to explain to him.

我還沒有來得及向他解釋呢，他就打了我一耳光。

2）在“it was(not) + 一段時(shí)間+ before從句（一般過去時(shí)）”結(jié)構(gòu)中，

主句是肯定句時(shí)，意為“過多長時(shí)間才……”；主句是否定句時(shí)，意為“沒過多久就……”。

It was 3 days before he came to himself.

過了三天他才蘇醒了。

It wasn't long before he realized the mistakes he had made.

沒過多久他就認(rèn)識到自己犯的錯(cuò)誤。

3）“it will be (not) +一段時(shí)間+before從句（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）”主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

It won't be long before we meet again.

過不了多久我們就會又見面的。

It will be 9 months before she takes the college entrance exam.

再過九個(gè)月他就要參加高考了。

9. until

1）（not）... until ...在肯定句中主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；在否定句中主句的謂語動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

He stayed here until he finished his work.

他一直呆在這里直到工作完成。

I didn't go to bed until the TV play was over.

直到電視劇結(jié)束了我才睡了。

2）It was not until ... that ...強(qiáng)調(diào)從句時(shí)，需把not放在從句前面。

It was not until he finished his job that he went home.

直到工作完成了他才回家。

3）not until在句首時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝。

Not until he finished his speech did he go back to his seat.

直到他講完了話，才回到了座位上。

4）until相當(dāng)于till,語氣上until更甚于till，當(dāng)在句首時(shí)，只能用until。

Not until he finished his work did he go home.

直到做完了家庭作業(yè)他才回家。

10. since

1）since從句總是與時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主句連用，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

He has worked in this school since he came here.

自從他來這里到現(xiàn)在一直在這個(gè)學(xué)校工作。

2）“It is/has been +一段時(shí)間+ since從句”意為 “從……到現(xiàn)在多久了”。

It is ten years since he came here.

自從他來這里到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)十年了。

It has been two month since the school started.

自從學(xué)校開辦到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)兩個(gè)月了。

3）some time has passed since ...表示“從……到現(xiàn)在過去多久了”。

Ten years has passed since he came here.

自從他來這里到現(xiàn)在十年過去了。

—How was the party?

—Wonderful, it's years since I enjoyed myself so much.

——晚會開得怎么樣？

——棒極了，好多年都沒有這么高興過了。

11. the first time, the last time, next time, each time相當(dāng)于連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

The first time I came to Shanghai , I lost my way.

第一次來上海我就迷路了。

Each time I go to Beijing , I go to visit Tiananmen Square.

每次去北京我都要去參觀天安門。

12. by the time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞須用完成時(shí)態(tài)。

By the time he comes back , I will have finished my homework.

到他回來的時(shí)候，我將會已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。

By the time I arrived there , he had left for Shanghai.

到我到達(dá)那里的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)動(dòng)身去上海了。

13. 時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致

1）當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

I will telephone you as soon as I get the news from him.

我一得到來自他的消息就會馬上給你打電話。

2）當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，若是狀語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成，從句也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped .

公交車停了再下車。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity _______ he reached the end of the story.

A. when

B. unless

C. after

D. until

2. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _______ it was the best time for it.

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. until

3. He was about to tell me the secret _______ someone patted him on the shoulder.

A. as

B. until

C. while

D. when

4. _______ you understand this rule, you'll have no further difficulty.

A. While

B. Once

C. Though

D. Unless

5. Substances will expand or contract _______ heated or cooled, but this is not the case with water.

A. when they will be

B. if they will be

C. as they being

D. when

6. It will not be long _______ man can harness the solar energy and make it serve mankind.

A. since

B. before

C. when

D. after

7. It was found that although the girl could perceive things with her fingers, this ability ceased, _______ her hands were wet.

A. the moment when

B. the moment

C. in that moment

D. before

8. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _______ the guards discovered what had happened.

A. before

B. until

C. since

D. when

9. We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized her _______ I saw her.

A. the moment

B. the moment when

C. for the moment

D. at the moment when

10. _______ he entered the university, his English has been much improved.

A. Before

B. After

C. When

D. Since

11. He has been to Beijing for several times _______ he came to China.

A. before

B. when

C. since

D. as

12. I watched him _______ he disappeared from sight in the distance.

A. unless

B. until

C. as

D. when

13. It was going to be some time _______ he would see his parent again.

A. since

B. until

C. when

D. before

14. Many young people rose and shouted _______ the pop singer appeared on the stage.

A. at the moment

B. on seeing

C. the moment

D. when they saw

15. _______ air traffic is closely controlled, flying is relatively safe.

A. Once

B. Unless

C. Although

D. As soon as

16. They had only been married for no more than three months _______ they began to quarrel with each other.

A. since

B. until

C. after

D. before

17. Scarcely had I finished the work _______ I went home.

A. before

B. than

C. as

D. when

18. We were walking down the street _______ he saw one of his old friends.

A. then

B. when

C. so

D. but

19. It _______ he returns to his native land.

A. is long before that

B. is long before

C. won't be long before

D. will be long since

20. _______ the Europeans knew what a compass was, the Chinese had put it into practical use.

A. Before long

B. Long since

C. Long ago

D. Long before

21. _______ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.

A. Walking

B. When one is walking

C. If walking

D. When walking

22. I thought him a pleasant person to work with _______ I met him.

A. the first time

B. for the first time

C. first time

D. by the first time

23. He has been in hospital _______ he had his right leg broken last month.

A. because

B. when

C. after

D. since

24. _______ he decided to go there alone, none of us can stop him.

A. Once

B. Unless

C. Before

D. Since

25. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to the classroom tests.

A. before

B. as

C. since

D. when

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