第23章　狀　語 23.5　狀語從句

23.5　狀語從句

23.5.1　時間狀語從句

1) 英語中有大量的時間狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Time），多由連詞引導(dǎo)（關(guān)于這類連詞可參閱第17.2.1節(jié)）：

When she pressed the button the lift stopped. 她一按電鈕電梯就停住了。

As the sun rose, the fog dispersed. 太陽升起時霧消散了。

While the discussion was going on, George came in. 討論正在進(jìn)行時喬治進(jìn)來了。

All things are difficult before they are easy. （諺）凡事總是先難后易。

I found the letter long after he had gone away. 他走了好久之后我才發(fā)現(xiàn)那封信。

I will return the book as soon as I have read it. 書一看完我就還回來。

I have had another baby since I saw you last. 自上次見到你之后我又有了一個寶寶。

On and on he went, till (until) he reached the outskirts of the wood. 他走了又走，直到走到林子邊。

Come and talk to me whenever you feel lonely. 凡你感到寂寞時就來和我說說話。

Once you've finished, go to bed. 你一干完就去睡覺。

Now (that) you mention it, I do remember the incident. 有你這么一提，我的確想起了這事。

2) 還有一些時間狀語不由連詞引導(dǎo)：

He came directly I called. 我一叫他就來了。

You ought to come and see us next time you are home. 下次回家你要來看我們。

She demands sweets every time she sees me. 她每次見到我都要糖吃。

He felt a thrill the moment he got into the theatre. 他一走進(jìn)劇場就感到十分激動。

I left immediately the clock struck twelve. 鐘一敲十二點(diǎn)我就動身了。

He had no sooner reached the door than he came back. 他剛到門口又走了回來。

He had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 他剛一到就開始下雪了。

23.5.2　條件狀語從句

1) 條件狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Condition）主要由if或unless引導(dǎo)：

If I had been less cautious, I might have been more wise. 要是我不那么謹(jǐn)慎，也許我還明智一點(diǎn)。

If I were you, I'dgo to night school. 我要是你，我會去上夜校。

We can't exercise our influence unless we have an organ. 除非我們有一份刊物，否則我們不能發(fā)揮我們的影響力。

They have a meeting every Friday, unless there is nothing to discuss. 他們每星期五開一次會，除非沒有事情可商談。

2) 條件狀語從句還可以由其他連詞或起連詞作用的短語引導(dǎo)：

Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do? 假定你是錯的，你怎么辦？

Suppose you had a million pounds, how would you spend it? 設(shè)想你有一百萬英鎊，你會怎么花呢？

You may go out providing you do your homework first. 如果你先把作業(yè)做了，那就可以出去玩。

She may come with us provided (that) she arrives in time. 如果她及時到達(dá)，她可以和我們一道去。

I'm going to expose him even if he is a relative of mine. 即使他是我的親戚，我也要揭發(fā)他。

In case the house burns down, we'll get the insurance money. 如果房子燒毀，我們會領(lǐng)到保險金。

You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 o'clock. 只要你答應(yīng)十一點(diǎn)鐘前回來，你可以出去。

You may borrow the book, on condition that you don't lend it to anyone else.你可以借這本書，條件是別把它借給別人。

Granted that he's not brilliant, he is at least competent and works hard. 就算他不夠出色，他至少稱職，而且工作努力。

I show everything on my face, whether I'm angry or pleased. 不管是生氣還是高興，我什么都表現(xiàn)在臉上。

3) 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，有時可把if省略，而把從句的語序倒裝：

Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty. 如果不是他們幫忙，我們會陷入嚴(yán)重的困境。

Had we made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. 如果我們做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們或許就成功了。

Should she call, what would you tell her? 萬一她來電話，你怎么對她說？

Had it not been for the reservoir, we'dnever have been able to beat the drought. 要不是有水庫，我們絕不可能戰(zhàn)勝這次旱災(zāi)。

23.5.3　目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句

1) 目的狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Purpose）主要由that，so that，est，for fear that，in case等引導(dǎo)：

My father has bought me a bicycle so (in order) that I can get to school quickly. 我爸給我買了輛自行車，以便我能快速趕到學(xué)校。

They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard. 他們低聲說話，以防被人聽見。

Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關(guān)上以防下雨。

I shall stay in the hotel all day in case there is news of Henry. 我將一整天待在旅館里以防有享利的消息。

I'll show you so you can see how it's done. 我將做給你看以便你知道怎樣做。

We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty. 我們作了這樣的安排，以便我們總有一個人在值班。

2) 結(jié)果狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Result）主要由so that，so...that，such...that，that等引導(dǎo)：

So many people came to the concert that some couldn't get in. 那么多人來聽音樂會，以致有些人沒法進(jìn)來。

She's so ill (that) she can't get out of bed. 她病得很重，都下不了床了。

It was such a cold night that we stayed at home. 那是一個非常寒冷的夜晚，我們都待在家里。

What was the matter with the fellow that he looked so happy? 那人怎么回事，看起來這樣高興？

The situation is such that agreement is unlikely. 局勢是這樣，達(dá)成協(xié)議的可能性不大。

There was such a draught, it is no wonder he caught a cold. 過堂風(fēng)這樣厲害，難怪他感冒了。

He is such a marvellous joker (that) you can't help laughing. 他的笑話講得那樣出色，你會禁不住哈哈大笑的。

I'm so busy, I have no time to write a letter. 我忙極了，沒時間寫信。

3) otherwise，or else或else也可引導(dǎo)從句，表示后果：

She had intellect, otherwise I would have scorned her. 她很聰明，否則我早就瞧不起她了。

Run or else you'll be late. 快跑，否則你就會遲到了。

Drink this, else you will be sick. 把這喝掉，否則你會生病。

關(guān)于這兩類從句，可參閱17.2.3和17.2.4節(jié)。

23.5.4　原因狀語從句

1) 原因狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Reason）主要由because，as，ince，in case等引導(dǎo)：

I did it because I was angry. 我這樣做是因為我生氣。

As she had a passion for walking, we started off on foot. 由于她酷愛走路，我們就步行出發(fā)了。

As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. 你是自作自受。

Since they've forgotten to phone me, I'll have to phone them. 既然他們忘了給我打電話，我就得給他們打了。

Since I haven't got her address, I can't write to her. 由于沒有她的地址，我沒法給她寫信。

She ought to come down just in case anything happened. 她應(yīng)當(dāng)下來，以防發(fā)生什么情況。

Seeing he refused to help us, there's no reason why we should now help him. 既然他以前拒絕幫助我們，我們現(xiàn)在也沒有理由去幫助他。

Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 鑒于他才剛剛開始，他對此已懂得相當(dāng)多了。

2) 某些“be+形容？”結(jié)構(gòu)后的從句也說明原因：

I'm glad (that) he's feeling better. 我很高興他感覺好點(diǎn)了。

I'm awfully sorry that this has occurred. 發(fā)生了這事我非常抱歉。

You should feel very proud that you have been chosen. 你被選上了，你應(yīng)該感到很驕傲。

He's annoyed that nobody believes him. 他很生氣沒人相信他。

They are very disappointed that she can't stay longer. 他們很失望她不能再待久些。

I'm surprised he didn't come. 他沒來，我感到吃驚。

He was ashamed that he had lied. 他很羞愧，他撒謊了。

I was delighted that you were successful. 你成功了我很高興。

關(guān)于這類從句可參閱第13.5.10和17.2.5節(jié)。

23.5.5　讓步狀語從句

1) 讓步狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Concession）主要由although，though，while，whereas等連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“雖？”、“盡？”這類意思：

Although she was tired, she stayed up to watch the late night film on television. 雖然她很累，她還是熬夜看電視上的午夜電影。

Though he had very little money, he always managed to dress smartly. 雖說他沒幾個錢，卻總是穿得時髦瀟灑。

She still loved him even though he had treated her so badly. 盡管他待她那樣差，她還是愛他。

I wouldn't do it, even if you paid me a thousand pounds. 即使你付我一千英鎊，我也不干這事。

Some praised him, whereas others condemned him. 有些人贊揚(yáng)他，而另一些人卻譴責(zé)他。

2) 還有一些其他類型的讓步狀語從句：

You won't be heard, however loudly you shout. 不管你喊得多響，沒人會聽見你的聲音。

Wherever he is he will be thinking of you. 不管在那里，他都會想著你。

Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. 不管你是誰，都不能從這里通過。

So don't lose heart, whatever you do. 因此不管你干什么，都不要?dú)怵H。

She was going to be a singer no matter what difficulties she met. 她決心成為一名歌手，不管遇到什么困難。

You can't go in no matter who you are. 不管你是誰，都不能進(jìn)去。

He had to get the car no matter how much it cost. 不管花多少錢，他都要買這輛車。

I'll do it whether you like it or not. 這事我得干，不管你喜不喜歡。

Much as I would like to come, I can't. 雖說我很想來，但我來不了。

Try as I would, I couldn't prevail upon him to change his mind. 不管費(fèi)多大勁，我都無法勸說他改變注意。

Poor as he was, he was honest. 他雖然貧窮卻很誠實(shí)。

He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他作了努力，卻不能取得多大進(jìn)步。

Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able to sleep. 盡管疲憊不堪，她卻毫無能夠入睡的希望。

Come what may, he would never let her down. 不管發(fā)生什么情況，他絕不會做對不起她的事。

關(guān)于這類從句可參閱第17.2.6節(jié)。

23.5.6　方式狀語從句

1) 方式狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Manner）主要由as，like，as if，as though等引導(dǎo)：

I did as he asked. 我照他要求的那樣做了。

Robbie didn't feel as she did. 羅比沒有她那種感覺。

Do it like he does. 照他那樣做。

She looked a bit queer, as if she knew something. 她看起來有點(diǎn)怪，仿佛她知道什么似的。

She closed her eyes as though she too were tired. 她閉上眼睛，就像她也累了似的。

2) 這類狀語間或也不用連詞引導(dǎo)：

They didn't do it the way we do now. 他們以前的做法和我們現(xiàn)在不一樣。

You can travel how you please. 你愿意怎么旅行都行。

Arrange the hours however you like. 你怎么安排時間都行。

She's behaving the same way her elder sister used to. 她的表現(xiàn)和她姐姐過去的表現(xiàn)一樣。

關(guān)于這類從句可參閱第17.2.7節(jié)。

23.5.7　地點(diǎn)狀語從句

1) 地點(diǎn)狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Place）主要由where，wherever和anywhere引導(dǎo)：

Cross the stream where it is shallowest. （諺）在最淺的地方過河。

Where I live there are plenty of sheep. 我住的地方（綿）羊很多。

We'll go wherever you say. 你說到哪兒我們就到哪兒。

You can go anywhere you want. 你想去哪里就可以去哪里。

Everywhere they appeared there were ovations. 不管他們在哪里出現(xiàn)，人們都熱烈鼓掌。

2) where引導(dǎo)的從句，除了表示地方外，還可以表示處境等，可有各種靈活譯法：

He signed to Janey to stay where she was. 他給簡妮打手勢，讓她待在原處。

It's your fault that she is where she is. 她今天這樣是你的錯。

Where others are weak, he is strong. 別人的弱點(diǎn)正是他的優(yōu)勢。

Where bees are, there is honey. 有蜂就有蜜。

關(guān)于這類從句可以參閱第17.2.8節(jié)。

23.5.8　比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses of Comparison）主要由than或as引導(dǎo)：

He earns less than his wife (does). 他掙的錢比他妻子少。

She knows more than I did at her age. 她知道的東西比我在她這年齡時知道的要多。

It was more expensive than I thought. 它比我想的要貴。

He is as tall as his father. 他和他父親一般高。

Manslaughter is not as (so) bad as murder. 過失殺人罪沒有謀殺罪那樣嚴(yán)重。

I haven't done as much as I should have liked. 我做的沒有我希望的那么好。

關(guān)于這類從句可參閱14.4.1—14.4.4，14.4.6，15.3.2及17.2.9節(jié)。