1) 副詞的主要作用就是作狀語(yǔ),特別是以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞,它們可以修飾動(dòng)詞(a),也可以修飾形容詞、副詞等(b):
a.He looked at me suspiciously. 他用懷疑的眼光看著我。
He angrily denied that he had stolen the document. 他氣憤地否認(rèn)他偷了文件。
She kindly waited for me. 她好心等候我。
He behaved badly. 他表現(xiàn)很差。
b.You're entirely wrong. 你完全錯(cuò)了。
Perhaps you're partly right. 或許你有一部分是對(duì)的。
He behaved extremely badly. 他表現(xiàn)極差。
They were getting along fairly well. 他們相處得相當(dāng)好。
2) 還有相當(dāng)多副詞不以-ly結(jié)尾,它們可以修飾動(dòng)詞(a),也可以修飾形容詞或副詞(b):
a.I've seen that man somewhere. 我在什么地方見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人。
She speaks French well. 她法語(yǔ)講得好。
Round and round flew the plane. 飛機(jī)不斷盤(pán)旋著。
She is living abroad. 她現(xiàn)在國(guó)外居住。
b.You've done quite well. 你干得挺好。
I have been rather unwell this week. 這星期我感到相當(dāng)不舒服。
The bag isn't big enough. 這袋子不夠大。
Pretty soon the lilacs would be in bloom. 很快丁香就要開(kāi)花了。
有一些副詞可以修飾整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度,稱(chēng)為句子副詞(Sentence Adverbs):
Honestly, I think you're a little prejudiced. 說(shuō)真的,我感覺(jué)你有點(diǎn)偏見(jiàn)。
Luckily, she were in when I called. 幸好我去時(shí)她在家。
Curiously enough, he had never seen the little girl. 說(shuō)也奇怪,他從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那小女孩。
Most likely, he's gone to bed. 很可能他已經(jīng)睡了。
What he says is true, possibly. 他的話(huà)可能是真的。
常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)副詞如:
還有許多副詞可起連詞的作用,使句子與上下文連系更緊密,從而使句子更流暢:
She went to a party and therefore did not study her lesson. 她去參加了晚會(huì),因此沒(méi)復(fù)習(xí)功課。
The cost of materials rose sharply last year. Accordingly, this increase was passed on to the consumer in higher prices. 去年原料價(jià)格猛漲,因此,這一成本的增加以提價(jià)的方式轉(zhuǎn)嫁到了消費(fèi)者頭上。
There were no news;nevertheless she went on hoping. 沒(méi)有消息,盡管如此,她還繼續(xù)期待著。
Bicycling is good exercise;moreover, it doesn't pollute the air. 騎自行車(chē)是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng),而且不會(huì)污染空氣。
這類(lèi)副詞常見(jiàn)的如:
1) 不少副詞與形容詞同形:
I bought it cheap. 我買(mǎi)得很便宜。(比較:It's very cheap.)
I clean forget about it. 這事我完全忘了。(比較:Is it clean?)
Come close. 走近些。(比較:He's close to my house.)
He doesn't play fair. 他不能公平行事。(比較:It's a fair comment.)
下面這些常用詞都既可作副詞又可作形容詞:
2) 有許多對(duì)同根的副詞,一個(gè)帶-ly詞尾,一個(gè)不帶,意思不盡相同:
帶-ly詞尾的副詞不帶 -ly詞尾的副詞
* * *
* * *
I'm deeply impressed. 我印象很深。
I went deep into the woods. 我深入到樹(shù)林中。
Go direct home. 直接回家。
Go easy with her. 對(duì)她要慢慢來(lái)。
Lie down flat. 平著躺下。
Don't let the dog run free. 別讓狗隨便亂跑。
You know it full well. 這一點(diǎn)你完全清楚。
I hardly ever go out. 我很少出門(mén)。
Hit the ball hard. 使勁擊球。
The eagle flies high. 鷹飛得很高。
He's just a child. 他還只是個(gè)孩子。
When did you see her last? 你上次見(jiàn)到她是什么時(shí)候?
I went to bed late. 我睡得很晚。
He lives quite near. 他住得很近。
It rained pretty hard. 雨相當(dāng)大。
關(guān)于副詞作狀語(yǔ)還可參閱15.2.1節(jié)。
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