第23章　狀　語 23.1　狀語表示法

23.1　狀語表示法

23.1.1　狀語表示法

狀語可以由以下成分表示：

1) 副詞：

He secretly decided to leave the town. 他私下決定離開這座城市。

We'll raise the money somehow. 我們將以某種方式籌集這筆錢。

2) 介詞短語：

He traveled in the desert for six months. 他在沙漠里走了六個(gè)月。

We have friends all over the world. 我們的朋友遍天下。

3) 不定式（短語）：

I went there to see my grandmother. 我到那里去看我奶奶。

The suitcase is too heavy to be carried by a child. 箱子太重小孩拿不動(dòng)。

4) 分詞（短語）：

Being a poor teacher, he can't afford to buy a car. 他是一位窮教師，買不起汽車。

Compared to her affection, nothing else had any worth. 和她的感情相比，別的東西都沒有什么價(jià)值。

5) 形容詞：

He said nothing but sat silent smoking .他沒說話，只靜坐在那里抽煙。

Fresh from the oven, rolls are delicious. 剛出爐的小面包很好吃。

6) 詞組：

I shall stay another five months. 我將再待五個(gè)月。

First thing in the morning we swept the courtyard for the landlord. 每天早上我們的第一件事就是給房東掃院子。

7) 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

It being a holiday, the library isn't open. 這天是假日，圖書館不開門。

They will send you the book for$2.50, postage included. 他們將把書寄給你，書價(jià)2.50美元，郵資在內(nèi)。

8) 從句：

Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來時(shí)請關(guān)好門。

However often I try, I can't find the answer. 不管嘗試多少次，我都找不到答案。

間或可以用名詞作狀語：

We've been sitting hours waiting for you. 我們坐了好幾個(gè)鐘頭等你。

She's feeling miles better today. 她今天感到好多了。

23.1.2　不定式（短語)作狀語

1) 不定式?？勺鳡钫Z來表示目的（a）、結(jié)果（b）、程度（c）、原因（d）等：

a．We can send a car over to fetch you. 我們可以派車去接你。

She had suffered so much to bring up the children. 她受了很多苦來把孩子帶大。

The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating. 考題都保密以防止作弊。

b．Who could be so mean as to do a thing like that? 誰會(huì)這樣缺德做出這樣的事？

He hurried to the place only to find the house empty. 他趕到那里只發(fā)現(xiàn)房子里空無一人。

She left home, never to return again. 她離開了家，再也沒有回來。

c．It was too late to do anything now. 現(xiàn)在做什么都已為時(shí)太晚。

You're far too clever to have done that. 你很聰明，不會(huì)做出這種事的。

We are fortunate enough to get an empty car. 我們很幸運(yùn)，找到了一輛空車。

d.I rejoice to see you here. 在這里見到你很高興。

She shuddered to think of it. 想到這事她不寒而栗。

What has happened to make you so sad ? 出了什么事讓你這樣傷心？

2) 在許多作表語的形容詞后可跟不定式（短語）作狀語（多表示原因）：

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對不起給你添了這么多麻煩。

I'm surprised to hear you say that. 聽到你這樣講我很吃驚。

Be careful not to break anything. 小心點(diǎn)別打破什么東西。

I was wrong to tell her about it. 我把這事告訴她是錯(cuò)誤的。

有很多形容詞后面可跟不定式，常見的有：

3) 不定式（短語）還可以用來修飾整個(gè)句子，可稱為句子狀語（Sentence Adverbials）：

To be frank, your English is not flawless. 坦率地說，你的英語不是完美無暇的。

To be honest, I don't quite agree with you. 說老實(shí)話，我不完全同意你的意見。

We must go cautiously, to be sure. 的確，我們得謹(jǐn)慎行事。

The dog is, so to speak, a member of the family. 狗可以說是家庭的一個(gè)成員。

To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. 說真的，我不愿這樣做。

To make a long story short, they began to study the problem in earnest. 長話短說，他們開始認(rèn)真研究這個(gè)問題。

You are wrong about the facts to begin with. 首先你把事實(shí)都弄錯(cuò)了。

To put it mildly, she's just a bit inquisitive. 說得輕一點(diǎn)，她就是有點(diǎn)愛打聽。

To be fair, he wasn't entirely to blame for that. 說句公道話，這不能全怪他。

This is inconsistency, to say the least. 說得再輕些，這也是前后矛盾。

關(guān)于不定式作狀語的情況可參閱12.1.7節(jié)和13.5.9節(jié)。