第19章　主　語 19.3　主語從句

19.3　主語從句

19.3.1　三種類型的主語從句

主語從句有三種類型：

1) 由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句：

That he hasn't phoned is odd. 他沒來電話是很奇怪的。

It's certain that prices will go up. 物價要上漲是肯定的。

2) 由連接代（副）詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句：

Why he left wasn't important. 他為什么走并不重要。

It was uncertain whether he would come or not. 他來不來還不肯定。

3) 由關(guān)系代詞型what或whatever引導(dǎo)的從句：

What I want is a canvas travelling bag. 我要的是一個帆布旅行袋。

Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。

19.3.2　由that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句

1) 這是用得最多的一種主語從句，但把這種主語從句放在句首是很少的，只有為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或謂語較長時才作這樣的安排：

That prices will go up is certain. 物價要上漲是肯定的。

That she is still alive is a consolation. 她還活著是令人感到寬慰的。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence. 她成為畫家可能是受她父親的影響。

That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被選中在她村子里引起很大轟動。

絕大部分主語從句都借助先行主語放到句子后部去。

2) 帶先行主語的句子主要有下面幾類：

a． it+be+形容詞+that從句：

It is natural that they should have different views. 他們有不同觀點是很自然的。

It was quite plain that she didn't want to come. 很明顯她不想來。

It is imperative that we leave at once. 我們必須馬上離開。

It's strange that he knows nothing about it. 很奇怪他對此竟一無所知。

b． it+be+名詞+that從句：

It's a shame (that) you're sick. 真遺憾你病了。

It's a pity (that) he can't swim. 真遺憾他不會游泳。

It's a wonder that he is still alive. 他還活著真是奇跡。

It was a fearful disappointment to your mother that you didn't come yesterday. 你昨天沒來讓你母親大失所望。

c． it+動詞（+賓語或狀語）+that從句：

It happened that she wasn't in that day. 碰巧那天她不在家。

It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 我從未想到或許她是在說謊。

It seems that you're right. 似乎你是對的。

It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我們應(yīng)制訂一個新計劃。

d． it+動詞的被動語態(tài)+that從句：

It's said that there has been an earthquake in India. 據(jù)說印度發(fā)生了地震。

It was rumoured that he was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 謠傳說他患有腎結(jié)石。

It's reported that the enemy troops have crossed the border. 據(jù)報導(dǎo)敵軍已越過邊界。

It is estimated that 25 million school lunches are sold each day. 據(jù)估計每天要出售兩千五百萬份學(xué)校午餐。

e． it+動詞be+that從句：

It may be that you'll prove yourself the most suitable man. 或許你會證明自己是最合適的人選。

Is it that the gentleman is not your uncle? 是否那位先生并不是你的叔叔？

No , no, it couldn't be that they were interested in him. 不，不，他們不可能對他有興趣。

在口語中that有時可以省略：

It was clear his words pleased her. 顯然他的話使她很高興。

It's not our fault this has happened. 發(fā)生這事不是我們的錯。

It strikes me Kent is a nice lad. 我感到肯特是個好小伙子。

19.3.3　由連接代（副）詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句

1) 這類從句還不少，可放在句首：

When he'll be back depends much on the weather. 他什么時候回來很大程度上取決于天氣。

How it was done was a mystery. 這是怎樣做的是一個謎。

Who is to be sent there hasn't been decided. 派誰去還沒有決定。

Whether we'll succeed remains to be seen. 我們能否成功還要拭目以待。

也可借助先行主語it把從句放到句子后部去：

It hasn't been announced who are the winners. 誰獲勝還沒有宣布。

It was clear enough what he meant. 他的意思很清楚。

It's no business of yours where I spend my summer. 我在哪兒過夏天不干你的事。

It's doubtful whether we'll be able to come. 我們是否能來還是個疑問。

雖然兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都能用，但帶it的結(jié)構(gòu)還是用得多一些。

2) 用it作先行主語時后面也有四類結(jié)構(gòu)：

a． it+be+形容詞+從句：

It was not clear to me why he behaved like that. 我不太清楚他為什么會這樣做。

It's uncertain whether the game will be held. 球賽是否舉行還不確定。

It's doubtful whether the payment is legal. 這樣付款是否合法是一個疑問。

It is amazing that he should have said nothing about the murder. 對這起謀殺案他竟然只字未提真令人驚訝。

b． it+be+名詞+從句：

It was a mystery how the burglars got in. 小偷怎么進(jìn)去的是一個謎。

It's a puzzle how life began. 生命如何開始的是一個謎。

It was a question whether he should get married. 他是否應(yīng)結(jié)婚還是個問題。

It is a marvel why he works so hard. 他為什么這樣拼命干活令人驚異。

c． it+動詞（+賓語或狀語）+從句：

It doesn't matter much where we live. 我們在哪兒住都沒多大關(guān)系。

It makes no difference whether we go by train or by boat. 我們坐火車去還是坐船去都無所謂。

It struck her how considerate he was. 她深感他考慮得多么周到。

It became a matter of doubt whether he had really done it. 他是否真做了這事變得可疑起來。

d． it+動詞的被動語態(tài)+從句：

It is not yet settled whether I am going to America. 我是否去美國還沒決定。

Is it known where he went? 有人知道他去哪里了嗎？

It is not decided who will edit it. 還沒決定誰來對它進(jìn)行編輯。

It is being considered whether she should be promoted. 正在考慮她是否應(yīng)當(dāng)升職。

19.3.4　由關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)的主語從句

1) 關(guān)系代詞型what也?？梢龑?dǎo)從句作主語：

What you said is perfectly true. 你說的完全是實情。

What will be, will be. （諺）該發(fā)生的事總會發(fā)生。

What is over is over. 過去的事就過去了。

What follows is the narrative of his experiences. 下面是他對自己經(jīng)歷的敘述。

What I'm afraid of is their taking her to Paris. 我擔(dān)心的是他們把她帶往巴黎。

What he saw made him tremble. 他看到的情況使他發(fā)抖。

What hurt my feelings was the judge's comment. 傷害我感情的是評審員的評語。

What you should do is to choose a company to invest in. 你該做的是選一家公司投資。

2) whatever，whoever這類詞也可以引導(dǎo)主語從句：

Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。

I didn't think whatever they say amounts to much. 我不認(rèn)為他們說的話有多大價值。

Whatever she says goes. 一切她說了算。

Whoever comes will be welcome. 誰來都?xì)g迎。

Whoever wants to go may sign up here. 誰想去可以在這里簽名。

Whoever gets the job will have lots of work to do. 誰要是得到這份工作，就會有很多活要干。

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 不管（你們）誰第一個到都可以得到一份獎品。

Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪一個，哪一個就歸你。