第8章　時(shí)　態(tài) 8.3　一般將來時(shí)及將來情況表示法

8.3　一般將來時(shí)及將來情況表示法

8.3.1　一般將來時(shí)的基本用法

1) 一般將來時(shí)（The Simple Future Tense）表示將來要發(fā)生的事（在口語中各人稱后均用will，常緊縮為'll）：

Who will be on duty at six？——I will. 六點(diǎn)誰值班？——我值班。

I will be eighteen next week. 下星期我就十八歲了。

We will know the result tomorrow. 明天我們就知道結(jié)果了。

I'm sure I won't lose my way. 我肯定我不會(huì)迷路的。

If we can't find the taxi, we will miss the plane. 如果找不到出租車，我們就搭不上飛機(jī)了。

She'll be here at six. 她六點(diǎn)來。

You'll have time for it. 你會(huì)有時(shí)間這樣做的。

Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空嗎？

You won't be late. 你不會(huì)遲到的。

So she won't come? 這么說她不來了？

2) 這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常用于下面情況（都用will）：

a. 用在"I think... will"這類句型中，表示看法：

I think they'll succeed. 我想他們會(huì)成功。

I suppose they'll buy the house. 我想他們會(huì)把這房買下來。

I'm sure he'll come back. 我肯定他會(huì)回來。

Perhaps you'll find him at the hotel. 或許你會(huì)在旅館找到他。

They'll probably wait for us. 他們或許會(huì)等我們。

b. 也可表示未來習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作：

Spring will come again. 春天還會(huì)再來。

Birds will build nests. 鳥總要筑巢。

These things will happen. 這樣的事總是要發(fā)生的。

The daffodils will flower in spring. 黃水仙春天開花。

c. 提出請求：

Will you type this? 你把這打一下好嗎？

Will you tell her I'll be back at five? 你可否告訴她我五點(diǎn)回來？

If you want help—let me know, will you? 如果你需要幫助就告訴我，好嗎？

Will you please be quiet? 你們靜一點(diǎn)好嗎？

Won't you take off your coat? 你把外套脫下來好嗎？

d. 作出允諾：

I'll be there, I promise you. 我答應(yīng)你我會(huì)去的。

This won't happen again, I assure you. 我向你保證，這事不會(huì)再發(fā)生。

I'll be home in time for supper. 我吃晚飯時(shí)回家。

I won't tell anybody what you said. 你說的話我不會(huì)告訴任何人。

e. 表示同意：

Send off the invitation right today. ——Yes , I will. 今天就把請柬發(fā)出去。 ——行，沒問題。

Don't be late. ——No, I won't. 別來晚了。 ——放心吧。

Will you answer him？——Yes, I will. 你來回復(fù)他好嗎？——行。

還有will的一些其他用法，可參閱第11.1.5節(jié)。

8.3.2　使用shall的一些情況

1) shall主要用于第一人稱后，構(gòu)成疑問句，詢問對方意見：

What time shall I come? 我什么時(shí)候來？

Where shall we go for our holiday? 我們到哪兒去度假呢？

Shall I do the washing-up? 要不要我來洗盤子？

What shall we do this weekend? 這個(gè)周末咱們干什么？

Let's go, shall we? 咱們走吧，好嗎？

2) shall也可用在陳述句中（但現(xiàn)在口語中這樣說的人比較少了，一般多用will）：

Don't worry. I shan't (won't) be late. 別擔(dān)心，我不會(huì)遲到的。

We shall (will) be in touch. 我們會(huì)保持聯(lián)系的。

I shall (will) ensure that you get a room. 我會(huì)保證讓你得到一個(gè)房間。

We shall ('ll) have to hurry. 我們得趕快。

shall還有一些其他用法，可參閱第11.1.7章。

8.3.3　一些表示未來情況的方法

除了一般將來時(shí)，還可以下列方式表示將來情況：

1) be going to結(jié)構(gòu)，表示打算干某事（a）或即將發(fā)生某事（b）：

a. I'm going to play you a waltz. 我準(zhǔn)備給你彈一首華爾茲舞曲。

He is going to buy her some flowers. 他打算給她買一些花。

I'm not going to argue with you tonight. 今晚我不打算和你爭論。

They're going to sell their house. 他們準(zhǔn)備把房子賣掉。

b. It's going to rain soon. 快下雨了。

Oh, no! He's going to fall! 糟糕！他要摔下去了！

If the drought continues, there's going to be a famine. 如果干旱持續(xù)下去,會(huì)發(fā)生饑荒的。

How pale that girl is! I think she is going to faint. 那姑娘臉色這樣蒼白，我想她要暈倒了。

這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可和will引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)換用：

另外，在包含條件、時(shí)間等從句的句子中，謂語用will結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)較多：

He'll do it for you if you ask him to. 如果你提出要求，他會(huì)幫你做這件事的。

If I drop the glass it will break. 要是我讓玻璃杯掉下去，它會(huì)破碎的。

When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt. 天暖和一點(diǎn)雪就會(huì)開始融化。

I'm putting this letter on top of the pile, so that he'll read it first. 我把信放在這堆東西上面，這樣他就會(huì)先看它。

在這類從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來情況（見前三句）。

2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（表示計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備要做的事）：

My brother is having a party tomorrow. 我兄弟明天要開一個(gè)晚會(huì)。

When are you leaving？——At the end of the term. 你什么時(shí)候走？——期末走。

I'm going to the pictures. Would you like to come? 我要去看電影，你想去嗎？

They're playing some folk music first. 他們先要演奏一些民間樂曲。

How are you going—by train or by plane? 你怎么去——坐火車還是坐飛機(jī)？

I'm taking the kids to the zoo on Saturday. 我星期六帶孩子們?nèi)?dòng)物園。

What are you doing tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午你干什么？

He's leaving school in one year's time. 他一年后就要畢業(yè)了。

I'm leaving. 我要走了。

3) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事，特別是以事物作主語時(shí)（a），以人為主語時(shí)有時(shí)也可以這樣用（b）：

a. The new branch opens (is opening) next week. 新的分公司下星期開業(yè)。

When does the main film begin? 正片什么時(shí)候開始（放映）？

The plane takes off in ten minutes. 飛機(jī)十分鐘后起飛。

Parliament convenes next Tuesday. 議會(huì)下周二開會(huì)。

The train leaves (arrives) at 10:45. 火車十點(diǎn)四十五分開（到）。

Tomorrow is Sunday. 明天是星期天。

b. The boys start school on Monday. 孩子們星期一開始上學(xué)。

We leave at six and arrive in Dublin at ten. 我們六點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，十點(diǎn)到達(dá)都柏林。

They have no classes tomorrow. 明天他們沒課。

We get off at the next stop. 我們下一站下車。

I'm not at home tonight. 我今晚不在家。

Are you free tonight? 你今晚有空嗎？

此外還可在時(shí)間及條件從句中代替一般將來時(shí)（a），或用在hope后的賓語從句中（b）：

a. Give me a ring before you leave. 走之前給我打個(gè)電話。

You carry on with the work while I have a rest. 我休息時(shí)你接著干。

When she comes, I'll tell her about it. 她來時(shí)我將把這件事告訴她。

If you don't find her, just leave her a note. 如果你找不到她，就給她留個(gè)條。

b. I hope she gets back in time. 我希望她及時(shí)回來

We hope you all have a good time. 我們希望你們都玩得開心。

We hope you are well. 我們希望你身體健康。

4) be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：

be+不定式也可表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可表示安排好的事（a），也可表示要求做的事（b）：

a. She is to be married next month. 她定于下月結(jié)婚。

The expedition is to start in a week's time. 探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)將于一周后出發(fā)。

The Prime Minister is to visit Hungary in May. 首相將于五月訪問匈牙利。

Who is to play Macbeth? 誰扮演麥克佩斯？

b. You're to stay here till we return. 你得待在這里直到我們回來。

No one is to leave this building without their permission. 未經(jīng)他們允許誰也不準(zhǔn)離開這座樓。

He says that we are to wait till he comes. 他說我們得等著他回來。

You are not to smoke in the office. 你們不得在辦公室抽煙。

還有一些其他意思，詳見第13.5.5節(jié)。

5) be about to結(jié)構(gòu)：

表示就要發(fā)生的事：

They're about to start. 他們就要出發(fā)了。

Quick, jump in! The train is about to leave. 快，跳上車，火車就要開了。

Turn off the gas—the soup is about to boil over. 把煤氣關(guān)掉——湯快溢出來了。

I was just about to fall into a doze when he started up. 我正要打盹時(shí)他突然出現(xiàn)了。

6) be due to構(gòu)成的謂語：

這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“定于…”

Mary is due to leave at two o'clock. 瑪麗定于兩點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。

They are due to meet again tomorrow. 他們定于明天再會(huì)面。

She is due to graduate next summer. 她明年暑假畢業(yè)。

The bridge is due to be completed next April. 大橋定于明年四月完工。

8.3.4　將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

1) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)（The Future Continuous Tense）表示將來某時(shí)將正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：

Next Wednesday We'll be flying to Sydney. 下星期三我們將飛往悉尼。

What will you be doing on Saturday? 星期六你會(huì)在干什么？

This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天這時(shí)我們會(huì)坐在電影院看電影。

On Saturday morning, Bill will be working in the garden and Ann will be shopping. 星期六早上，比爾會(huì)在花園里干活,安會(huì)去買東西。

2) 這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)還可表示安排要做的事或預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)發(fā)生的事：

He'll be taking his exam next week. 他下星期考試。

He won't be coming to the party. 他不會(huì)來參加聚會(huì)。

I'll be seeing you tomorrow. 我明天會(huì)見到你的。

We'll be getting in touch with you. 我們將和你聯(lián)系。

3) 這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)在口語中用得比較多，有時(shí)可以和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)換用：

有時(shí)也可以和一般將來時(shí)換用，兩者間有細(xì)微的差別，試比較下面句子：

8.3.5　將來完成時(shí)和將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1) 將來完成時(shí)（The Future Perfect Tense）表示將來某時(shí)某動(dòng)作業(yè)已完成或某事情業(yè)已發(fā)生：

By the end of the year I'll have saved ￡1,000. 到年底時(shí)我就存了1,000英鎊了。

Tom will have had his exam by 18 December. 湯姆12月18號(hào)就已經(jīng)考完試了。

By this summer we'll have been here for five years. 到今年夏天我們在這里就滿五年了。

The train will have left when we get to the station. 我們到車站時(shí)火車會(huì)已經(jīng)開了。

2) 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（The Future Perfect Continuous）表示在將來某時(shí)某個(gè)動(dòng)作已進(jìn)行多久了：

By the end of the year she'll have been acting for twenty years. 到今年年底她演戲?qū)M二十年。

By this summer he'll have been training horses for ten years. 到今年夏天他干訓(xùn)馬工作就滿十年了。

In another month's time I'll have been studying here for three years. 再過一個(gè)月我在這里學(xué)習(xí)就滿三年了。

On November 1 we'll have been living in this flat for thirty years. 到十一月一號(hào)我們在這套房子里就住滿三十年了。