雙語(yǔ)+MP3|美國(guó)學(xué)生藝術(shù)史64 女性風(fēng)格的建筑

 
帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟的柱子不是用簡(jiǎn)單的石磚砌成，而是由鼓狀的石塊，精確切割，仔細(xì)拼接而成，不露絲毫縫隙。甚至有人說(shuō)這些石塊已連成一體，就像人的骨骼那樣完整協(xié)調(diào)。 
64 WOMAN’S STYLE BUILDING女性風(fēng)格的建筑
 
IT MAY seem rather far-fetched to say a building is like a woman, but the old Greeks had far-fetched imaginations. They imagined, for instance, that a vain boy had been turned into the flower we call the narcissus; that a girl who dared to love the beautiful Sun God was turned into the sunflower; and that a nymph had been turned into a laurel tree. So it was not such a great stretch of the imagination, after all, for them to say that a woman had been turned into a certain kind of column or that a certain kind of marble column was like a woman. 
 
No.64-1 
IONIC COLUMN 
（愛(ài)奧尼亞柱） 
An architect named Vitruvius who lived a hundred years before Christ said that the two curls on the head of this column were the locks of the woman’s hair; that the grooves or flutings in the body of the column were the folds of her gown; and that the base was her bare feet. They called this kind of column Ionic because it was first made in Ionia, a colony of Greece across the sea in Asia Minor. 
But the best Ionic building was in Athens on the Acropolis, near the Doric temple, the Parthenon. It was called the Erechtheum because it was built in honor of Erechtheus who was supposed to have been a king of Athens in days long past. 
The Parthenon was a Man’s Style building built in honor of woman. The Erechtheum was a Woman’s Style building built in honor of a man. Ionic columns were on three sides of the Erechthcum, but on the fourth end of the same building there are six statues of real women in place of columns and they hold the roof on their heads. It is called the Porch of the Maidens. So we get in the same temple, not only the Woman’s Style columns, but the actual women’s figures. The women’s figures are called Caryatids. The story is that they represented captives from Carya condemned to stand in this position, holding the roof on their heads, forever. One of the Caryatids was taken away to England and in its place was put a copy made of terra cotta. 
 
No.64-2 PORCH OF THE MAIDENS（少女長(zhǎng)廊） 
The largest and most famous Ionic temple in the world was not in Greece itself. It was in Ionia at Ephesus. It was built to Diana, the Goddess of the Moon, and was so magnificent that it was called one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Bible tells us that Saint Paul nearly started a riot there by preaching against Diana, who of course was a heathen goddess, and that the mob wouldn’t listen to him, but just to drown out what Saint Paul was trying to say against their goddess, kept crying aloud for two hours:“Great is Diana of the Ephesians! Great is Diana of the Ephesians!” The temple has disappeared (all hut the floor), but the sayings of Saint Paul, which the Ephesians tried to drown out, still last. 
Another one of the Seven Wonders of the World was another Ionic building at a place called Halicarnassus. It was not a temple, however, but a tomb built for King Mausolus by his widow. Though this tomb is no more, we still call any very large tomb to-day a mausoleum after the tomb of Mausolus. 
You don’t have to go all the way to Greece to see Ionic columns. There are probably many Ionic buildings where you live, but see if they are the true Ionic or what we call hybrid. That means a mixture, as a dog that is part fox terrier and part bull terrier is a mixture, a mongrel, a hybrid. 
To-day our architects copy the Ionic style more often than they do the Doric, so if you should try to count the number of Ionic and Doric columns you can find in the place where you live, you would probably count several times as many Ionic as Doric.