課本中不會教你的[S]595 say，speak，talk，tell和address
595 say，speak，talk，tell和address
① say是及物動詞，著重說的具體內(nèi)容，強調(diào)說什么，必須有賓語，可以是從句，從句可以是直接引語，也可以是間接引語。say構(gòu)成的常用短語有：
say a few words說幾句話
say something in English用英語講點什么
say goodbye to向……告別
say nothing to sb. 對某人什么也不說
say hello to sb. 向某人問好
say something about說點關(guān)于……的事情
Can you say it in English？你能用英語說嗎？
What did you say just now？你剛才說了什么？
I said nothing to her. 我對她什么也沒說。
② speak常用作不及物動詞，著重開口講話，強調(diào)發(fā)出聲音或運用語言的能力，不強調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容；作及物動詞用時，speak常以語言名詞作賓語，如speak English（說英語），speak French（說法語）等。speak to/with sb.意為“對某人講話”，speak to sb. about sth.意為“同某人講關(guān)于……的情況”。speak后不可跟從句。
Please speak slowly and clearly. 請說慢點，講清楚。
The child can't speak yet. 這孩子還不會說話。
She can speak Japanese and some other languages. 她能說日語和其他幾種語言。
The teacher is speaking to Tom's father about his studies at school. 老師在同湯姆的父親談湯姆在校的學(xué)習(xí)情況。
She is speaking loudly to the children. 她在向孩子們大聲講話。
比較
用中文說
speak it in Chinese
say it in Chinese
He spoke that he would come.
He said that he would come.
他說他要來。
說中文
say Chinese
speak Chinese
提示
speak還可表示“說實話，說心里話”等。
Please tell her to speak her thought out. 請告訴她把自己的想法說出來。
She has spoken the truth to him. 她向他講了實情。
Finally Mary spoke her mind. 最后，瑪麗說出了心里話。
③ talk是不及物動詞，意為“說話，交談”，表示進行對話、討論、交換意見等。結(jié)構(gòu)為：
talk with/to sb. 同某人談話
talk about/over sth. 談?wù)撃呈?
talk to sb. about sth. 同某人談?wù)撃呈?
比較
He talked to her. 他同她談話。
He spoke to her. 他對她講話。
They talked for a long time. 他們談了很長時間。
She is talking with her mother. 她在同她母親談話。
He talked to me about the book yesterday. 他昨天同我談?wù)摿四潜緯?
They are talking over an important matter. 他們在討論一件重要事情。
④ tell是及物動詞，意為“告訴”，表示向他人講述某件事、某個故事等。結(jié)構(gòu)為：
tell sb. sth. 告訴某人某事（雙賓語）
tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人關(guān)于某事
tell sth. to sb. 把……告訴某人
tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
比較
tell還可表示“區(qū)別，判斷”。
I can't tell her from her sister. 我難以把她和她妹妹區(qū)分開。
I can't tell which is better. 我不能判斷哪一個更好。
Please tell the difference between the two. 請說明兩者之間的差異?！?He is good at telling stories. 他善于講故事。
Don't tell lies. 不要說謊。
Please tell me her name. 請告訴我她的名字。
She told us about her early life. 她告訴我們關(guān)于她早年的生活。
他告訴孩子們進教室。
He said the children to go into the classroom.
He told the children to go into the classroom.
⑤ address用于書面語，表示“向……致詞；演說；稱呼”。
The president will address the meeting. 總統(tǒng)將向大會致詞/發(fā)表演說。
Please don't address me as CEO. 請不要稱我總裁。（=Please don't call me CEO.）
