① instead是副詞,通常放在句尾,表示“代替,頂替”,有時(shí)表示否定上文提到的事物。
You may write in pencil instead. 你可以用鉛筆寫。(而不用鋼筆)
I had expected her to say “Yes”,but she said “No” instead. 我原以為她會(huì)同意的,沒(méi)想到她居然否定了。
I am too busy today. Come another day instead. 我今天太忙了,改天再來(lái)吧。
② instead of是介詞短語(yǔ),意為“代替,而不是,沒(méi)有,反而”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞等。instead of具有否定含義,即肯定前面的內(nèi)容,否定后面的內(nèi)容,取舍的前后一般都屬同類,而且是對(duì)稱的。instead of通常放在句首或句中。
As she was ill,he went to the meeting instead of her. 因?yàn)樗×?,他代替她去開(kāi)會(huì)。(代詞)
He has come instead of his father. 他代他父親來(lái)了。(名詞)
It has become larger instead of smaller. 它變得更大了,而不是更小。(形容詞)
Price rose quickly instead of slowly. 價(jià)格上漲得快,而不是慢。(副詞)
He went to the park on foot instead of by bus. 他是步行而不是乘車去公園的。(介詞短語(yǔ))
He has gone shopping instead of climbing the mountain. 他去購(gòu)物了,沒(méi)有去爬山。(動(dòng)名詞)
Her attitude towards this question is encouraging instead of disappointing. 她對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的態(tài)度是令人鼓舞的,不是令人失望的。(現(xiàn)在分詞)
They decided to go fishing instead of to play cards. 他們決定去釣魚(yú),而不去打牌。(不定式)
He usually does some reading in the evening instead of watches TV. 他晚上通常讀點(diǎn)書,而不看電視。(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
His words decreased instead of increased her courage. 他的話使她泄了氣,而不是鼓勵(lì)了她。(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
Her words made him discouraged instead of encouraged. 她的話使他泄氣,而不是使他受到鼓舞。(過(guò)去分詞)
③ in place of是介詞短語(yǔ),表示“代替”,后跟指人或物的名詞。
He attended the meeting in place of the manager. 他代替經(jīng)理出席了會(huì)議。(可用instead of)