成人學(xué)英語的十個(gè)方法
導(dǎo)語
所以，在此給想要學(xué)習(xí)英語或者第二門語言的成人提供10條方法，這10條方法是一位會(huì)說九國(guó)外語的超級(jí)學(xué)霸Matthew Youlden總結(jié)出來的，希望對(duì)正在學(xué)習(xí)英語的你有所幫助。
1) Know why you're doing it. 弄清學(xué)習(xí)外語的目的
This might sound obvious, but if you don’t have a good reason to learn a language, you are less likely to stay motivated over the long-run. Wanting to impress English-speakers with your French is not a very good reason; wanting to get to know a French person in his or her own language is another matter entirely。
這聽起來好像沒什么，但如果沒有好的理由，你就非?？赡茉谶@場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)跑中掉隊(duì)。為了炫技而想要學(xué)法語，這可不是啥好理由；而想學(xué)會(huì)法語去了解法國(guó)人，這就另當(dāng)別論了。
2) Find a partner. 找到一起學(xué)習(xí)的小伙伴
Matthew learned several languages together with his twin brother Michael (they tackled their first foreign language, Greek, when they were only eight years old!). Matthew and Michael, or the Super Polyglot Bros. as I’d like to now refer to them, gained their superpowers from good-ol’, healthy sibling rivalry:“You have someone with whom you can speak, and that’s the idea behind learning a language。”
馬修有好幾種外語都是和他雙胞胎兄弟邁克爾一起學(xué)的(他們8歲就學(xué)了希臘語)！我為什么要強(qiáng)調(diào)這對(duì)超級(jí)學(xué)霸兄弟，因?yàn)榭傆X得是他們之間的良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)特別有幫助。
3) Talk to yourself. 自言自語
It might sound really weird, but actually speaking to yourself in a language is a great way to practice if you’re not able to use it all the time。” This can keep new words and phrases fresh in your mind and build up your confidence for the next time you speak with someone。“
這聽起來可能有點(diǎn)怪，但在你沒法整天使用這門語言的時(shí)候，這是個(gè)練習(xí)的好辦法。”這可以讓新的單詞、短語經(jīng)常跳躍在你的腦海里，下次開口聊天時(shí)你也會(huì)更有自信。
4) Keep it relevant.學(xué)百遍不如用一遍
If you make conversation a goal from the beginning, you are less likely to get lost in textbooks.:“You’re learning a language to be able to use it. The creative side is really being able to put the language that you’re learning into a more useful, general, everyday setting – be that through writing songs, generally wanting to speak to people.
把交流作為學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的目的，不要拘泥于教科書。學(xué)語言的目標(biāo)是為了使用它，最好是創(chuàng)造性地把它融進(jìn)日常生活中?？梢允菍懜柙~、挖掘和人說話的欲望。
5) Have fun with it. 用語言做游戲
Think of some fun ways to practice your new language: make a radio play with a friend, draw a comic strip, write a poem, or simply talk to whomever you can. If you can’t find a way to have fun with the new language, chances are you aren’t following step four。
想個(gè)適合你自己的有趣的方式：和朋友一起做個(gè)廣播劇、畫連環(huán)畫、寫詩歌，或者和任何一個(gè)你能溝通的人聊天！你要是覺得找不到適合你的，那也許你沒有按第4條做。
6) Act like a child.像小孩一樣去學(xué)（指的是學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，不是像小孩一樣的沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)方法）
The key to learning as quickly as a child may be to simply take on certain childlike attitudes: for instance, lack of self-consciousness, a desire to play in the language and willingness to make mistakes. New research cannot find a direct link between age and the ability to learn. As kids, we are expected to make mistakes, but as adults mistakes become taboo. When it comes to learning a language, admitting that you don’t know everything (and being okay with that) is the key to growth and freedom. Let go of your grown-up inhibitions!
快速學(xué)習(xí)語言的訣竅，是要有小孩一樣的態(tài)度：即時(shí)、無知、愛玩、犯錯(cuò)。沒有研究能證明學(xué)習(xí)能力和年紀(jì)的直接關(guān)系，但小孩子愿意犯錯(cuò)，成年人卻包袱太重，怕犯錯(cuò)怕笑話！當(dāng)你要學(xué)好一門語言，就要承認(rèn)和接受自己如孩子般無知，這是獲得成長(zhǎng)和自由關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。所以，讓顧忌和做作去死吧！
7) Leave your comfort zone.離開你的舒適區(qū)
Willingness to make mistakes means being ready to put yourself in potentially embarrassing situations: talk to strangers in the language, ask for directions, order food, try to tell a joke. The more often you do this, the bigger your comfort zone becomes and the more at ease you can be in new situations.
經(jīng)過上一步，意味著你做好心理準(zhǔn)備面對(duì)很可能的尷尬：和陌生人聊天、問路、點(diǎn)菜、開始講笑話。突破越多你的舒適區(qū)就越大，在各種情境里就更加應(yīng)對(duì)自如。
8) Listen . 多聽 (聽了以后一定要多多模仿）
We’re able to pronounce anything, it’s just we’re not used to doing it. For example the rolled r doesn’t exist in my form of English. When I was learning Spanish there were words with the hard r in them like perro and reunión. For me, the best way to go about mastering that is actually to hear it constantly, to listen to it and to kind of visualize or imagine how that is supposed to be pronounced, because for every sound there is a specific part of the mouth or throat that we use in order to achieve that sound。”
要相信你有能力掌握所有的發(fā)音方式，只不過目前沒有習(xí)慣而已。舉個(gè)栗子，英語里沒有R的大舌頭音，我學(xué)西班牙語時(shí)就遇到perro或reunión這種需要卷舌才能發(fā)出的單詞，我找到最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法就是不停地聽別人說。先聽，然后想象這個(gè)音是用口腔的那個(gè)部位發(fā)的，再模仿。
9) Dive in. 潛心修行，戒驕戒躁
I tend to want to absorb as much as possible right from the start. So if I learn something I really, really go for it and try to use it throughout the day. For me it’s about actually putting what you’re learning into practice – be that writing an email, speaking to yourself, listening to music, listening to the radio. Surrounding yourself, submerging yourself in the new language culture is extremely important。”
從下決心學(xué)的那一刻，我就開始用全身心投入。所以我一開始學(xué)習(xí)語言，就會(huì)一整天都使用它，比如寫郵件、自言自語、聽音樂等，把自己完全丟進(jìn)那個(gè)語言文化環(huán)繞起來的環(huán)境里。這個(gè)非常重要的。”
10) Relax. 放松心態(tài)
You are not going to annoy people by speaking their language poorly. If you preface any interaction with, “I’m learning and I’d like to practice…” most people will be patient, encouraging and happy to oblige。
不會(huì)因?yàn)橹v得不好就惹人厭煩的，如果聊天開始前你說：“我正在學(xué)，非常希望練習(xí)……”大多數(shù)人都會(huì)很耐心，樂意鼓勵(lì)和幫助你的。
11) Find a foreign teacher. 找一個(gè)專業(yè)外教來學(xué)習(xí)
The ultimate goal of learning a language is to speak it. Now, with the pace of internationalization speeding up, the spoken English has played an extremely important role. If we master spoken English, we will greatly enhance our competitive advantage. In order to learn idiomatic oral English, we can find professional foreign teachers to learn, which is a more efficient learning method, because foreign teachers can take us to systematic learning in a pure English environment, guide us to speak, and bring professional help to our oral English improvement.
學(xué)習(xí)一門語言，最終目的其實(shí)是開口表達(dá)。如今，隨著我國(guó)國(guó)際化腳步的不斷加快，英語口語都發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用。假如掌握了英語口語，會(huì)讓我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)大大增強(qiáng)。為了學(xué)習(xí)地道的英語口語，可以找專業(yè)外教學(xué)習(xí)，這是一個(gè)比較高效的學(xué)習(xí)方法，因?yàn)橥饨棠軌驇覀冊(cè)诩冇⒄Z環(huán)境下進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性學(xué)習(xí)，引導(dǎo)我們開口表達(dá)，給我們的英語口語提升帶來專業(yè)幫助。
1) Know why you're doing it. 弄清學(xué)習(xí)外語的目的
This might sound obvious, but if you don’t have a good reason to learn a language, you are less likely to stay motivated over the long-run. Wanting to impress English-speakers with your French is not a very good reason; wanting to get to know a French person in his or her own language is another matter entirely。
這聽起來好像沒什么，但如果沒有好的理由，你就非?？赡茉谶@場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)跑中掉隊(duì)。為了炫技而想要學(xué)法語，這可不是啥好理由；而想學(xué)會(huì)法語去了解法國(guó)人，這就另當(dāng)別論了。
2) Find a partner. 找到一起學(xué)習(xí)的小伙伴
Matthew learned several languages together with his twin brother Michael (they tackled their first foreign language, Greek, when they were only eight years old!). Matthew and Michael, or the Super Polyglot Bros. as I’d like to now refer to them, gained their superpowers from good-ol’, healthy sibling rivalry:“You have someone with whom you can speak, and that’s the idea behind learning a language。”
馬修有好幾種外語都是和他雙胞胎兄弟邁克爾一起學(xué)的(他們8歲就學(xué)了希臘語)！我為什么要強(qiáng)調(diào)這對(duì)超級(jí)學(xué)霸兄弟，因?yàn)榭傆X得是他們之間的良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)特別有幫助。
3) Talk to yourself. 自言自語
It might sound really weird, but actually speaking to yourself in a language is a great way to practice if you’re not able to use it all the time。” This can keep new words and phrases fresh in your mind and build up your confidence for the next time you speak with someone。“
這聽起來可能有點(diǎn)怪，但在你沒法整天使用這門語言的時(shí)候，這是個(gè)練習(xí)的好辦法。”這可以讓新的單詞、短語經(jīng)常跳躍在你的腦海里，下次開口聊天時(shí)你也會(huì)更有自信。
4) Keep it relevant.學(xué)百遍不如用一遍
If you make conversation a goal from the beginning, you are less likely to get lost in textbooks.:“You’re learning a language to be able to use it. The creative side is really being able to put the language that you’re learning into a more useful, general, everyday setting – be that through writing songs, generally wanting to speak to people.
把交流作為學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的目的，不要拘泥于教科書。學(xué)語言的目標(biāo)是為了使用它，最好是創(chuàng)造性地把它融進(jìn)日常生活中?？梢允菍懜柙~、挖掘和人說話的欲望。
5) Have fun with it. 用語言做游戲
Think of some fun ways to practice your new language: make a radio play with a friend, draw a comic strip, write a poem, or simply talk to whomever you can. If you can’t find a way to have fun with the new language, chances are you aren’t following step four。
想個(gè)適合你自己的有趣的方式：和朋友一起做個(gè)廣播劇、畫連環(huán)畫、寫詩歌，或者和任何一個(gè)你能溝通的人聊天！你要是覺得找不到適合你的，那也許你沒有按第4條做。
6) Act like a child.像小孩一樣去學(xué)（指的是學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，不是像小孩一樣的沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)方法）
The key to learning as quickly as a child may be to simply take on certain childlike attitudes: for instance, lack of self-consciousness, a desire to play in the language and willingness to make mistakes. New research cannot find a direct link between age and the ability to learn. As kids, we are expected to make mistakes, but as adults mistakes become taboo. When it comes to learning a language, admitting that you don’t know everything (and being okay with that) is the key to growth and freedom. Let go of your grown-up inhibitions!
快速學(xué)習(xí)語言的訣竅，是要有小孩一樣的態(tài)度：即時(shí)、無知、愛玩、犯錯(cuò)。沒有研究能證明學(xué)習(xí)能力和年紀(jì)的直接關(guān)系，但小孩子愿意犯錯(cuò)，成年人卻包袱太重，怕犯錯(cuò)怕笑話！當(dāng)你要學(xué)好一門語言，就要承認(rèn)和接受自己如孩子般無知，這是獲得成長(zhǎng)和自由關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。所以，讓顧忌和做作去死吧！
7) Leave your comfort zone.離開你的舒適區(qū)
Willingness to make mistakes means being ready to put yourself in potentially embarrassing situations: talk to strangers in the language, ask for directions, order food, try to tell a joke. The more often you do this, the bigger your comfort zone becomes and the more at ease you can be in new situations.
經(jīng)過上一步，意味著你做好心理準(zhǔn)備面對(duì)很可能的尷尬：和陌生人聊天、問路、點(diǎn)菜、開始講笑話。突破越多你的舒適區(qū)就越大，在各種情境里就更加應(yīng)對(duì)自如。
8) Listen . 多聽 (聽了以后一定要多多模仿）
We’re able to pronounce anything, it’s just we’re not used to doing it. For example the rolled r doesn’t exist in my form of English. When I was learning Spanish there were words with the hard r in them like perro and reunión. For me, the best way to go about mastering that is actually to hear it constantly, to listen to it and to kind of visualize or imagine how that is supposed to be pronounced, because for every sound there is a specific part of the mouth or throat that we use in order to achieve that sound。”
要相信你有能力掌握所有的發(fā)音方式，只不過目前沒有習(xí)慣而已。舉個(gè)栗子，英語里沒有R的大舌頭音，我學(xué)西班牙語時(shí)就遇到perro或reunión這種需要卷舌才能發(fā)出的單詞，我找到最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法就是不停地聽別人說。先聽，然后想象這個(gè)音是用口腔的那個(gè)部位發(fā)的，再模仿。
9) Dive in. 潛心修行，戒驕戒躁
I tend to want to absorb as much as possible right from the start. So if I learn something I really, really go for it and try to use it throughout the day. For me it’s about actually putting what you’re learning into practice – be that writing an email, speaking to yourself, listening to music, listening to the radio. Surrounding yourself, submerging yourself in the new language culture is extremely important。”
從下決心學(xué)的那一刻，我就開始用全身心投入。所以我一開始學(xué)習(xí)語言，就會(huì)一整天都使用它，比如寫郵件、自言自語、聽音樂等，把自己完全丟進(jìn)那個(gè)語言文化環(huán)繞起來的環(huán)境里。這個(gè)非常重要的。”
10) Relax. 放松心態(tài)
You are not going to annoy people by speaking their language poorly. If you preface any interaction with, “I’m learning and I’d like to practice…” most people will be patient, encouraging and happy to oblige。
不會(huì)因?yàn)橹v得不好就惹人厭煩的，如果聊天開始前你說：“我正在學(xué)，非常希望練習(xí)……”大多數(shù)人都會(huì)很耐心，樂意鼓勵(lì)和幫助你的。
11) Find a foreign teacher. 找一個(gè)專業(yè)外教來學(xué)習(xí)
The ultimate goal of learning a language is to speak it. Now, with the pace of internationalization speeding up, the spoken English has played an extremely important role. If we master spoken English, we will greatly enhance our competitive advantage. In order to learn idiomatic oral English, we can find professional foreign teachers to learn, which is a more efficient learning method, because foreign teachers can take us to systematic learning in a pure English environment, guide us to speak, and bring professional help to our oral English improvement.
學(xué)習(xí)一門語言，最終目的其實(shí)是開口表達(dá)。如今，隨著我國(guó)國(guó)際化腳步的不斷加快，英語口語都發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用。假如掌握了英語口語，會(huì)讓我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)大大增強(qiáng)。為了學(xué)習(xí)地道的英語口語，可以找專業(yè)外教學(xué)習(xí)，這是一個(gè)比較高效的學(xué)習(xí)方法，因?yàn)橥饨棠軌驇覀冊(cè)诩冇⒄Z環(huán)境下進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性學(xué)習(xí)，引導(dǎo)我們開口表達(dá)，給我們的英語口語提升帶來專業(yè)幫助。
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