最怕空氣突然安靜！5招教你輕松擺脫尬聊

尬聊不僅會(huì)給對(duì)方帶來(lái)諸多苦惱，也限制了自己的社交能力。要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你必須要清楚這一點(diǎn)：

The key to being a better conversationalist is to be an attention-giver rather than an attention-getter. This means you begin to concentrate more on the person you're speaking with, and on gratifying their needs instead of your own.

想成為侃侃而談的人，關(guān)鍵是給予關(guān)注而不是獲得關(guān)注。這意味著你要把更多的精力集中在和你講話的人身上，滿足他們的需求而不是自己的需求。
 

conversationalist /,k?nv?'se???n?l?st/ n. 健談的人

concentrate /'k?ns(?)ntre?t/ v. 集中;濃縮;全神貫注

gratify /'græt?fa?/ v. 使?jié)M足;使?jié)M意，使高興
 

在此前提下，記住以下5個(gè)談話技巧，就能打破尷尬的沉默，掌握聊天的藝術(shù)。

1. Use People's Names More

多說(shuō)對(duì)方的名字

We are more likely to be in tune with others when they say our name. Dale Carnegie, an author of public speaking and interpersonal skills books,previously said our names are “the sweetest and most important sound” to us. In conversation, you can use this to your advantage by asking for their name, and then dropping their name occasionally throughout the conversation later on.

當(dāng)別人說(shuō)出我們的名字時(shí)，我們會(huì)更可能和他們保持在一個(gè)頻道上。公共演講和人際關(guān)系類書(shū)籍作者戴爾•卡耐基曾說(shuō)過(guò)，對(duì)人們而言，自己的名字是“最甜美、最重要的聲音”。在交談中你可以充分利用這一點(diǎn)，先詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的名字，然后在后面的談話中偶爾提到它。

The ability to remember someone's name has been linked to people being more likely to help you, more likely to buy from you, and is seen as a compliment. A study in the Journal of Consumer Research found using people's names is a complementary means of persuasion. When we hear our name, we automatically shift our attention to the speaker, which creates an illusion that we are important.

記住別人名字的能力讓你更容易獲得幫助、更有可能售出商品，這種行為被視為一種贊美。《消費(fèi)者研究期刊》上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用人名是增強(qiáng)說(shuō)服力的方法。當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到自己的名字時(shí)，會(huì)自動(dòng)把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到說(shuō)話者身上，產(chǎn)生一種我們很重要的幻覺(jué)。

tune /tju: n/ n. 曲調(diào);和諧;頻道

interpersonal /?nt?'p?: s(?)n(?)l/ adj. 人際的;人與人之間的

previously /'privi?sli/ adv. 以前;預(yù)先;倉(cāng)促地

conversation /k?nv?'se??(?)n/ n. 交談，會(huì)話;社交;交往，交際

advantage /?d'vα: t?d?/ n. 優(yōu)勢(shì);利益;有利條件

drop /dr?p/ v. 滴;使降低;使終止

occasionally /??ke??n?li/ adv. 偶爾;間或

throughout /θru: 'a?t/ adv. 自始至終，到處;全部;prep. 貫穿，遍及

ability /??b?l?t?/ n. 能力，能耐;才能

remember /r?'memb?/ v. 記得;牢記;紀(jì)念

compliment /'k?mpl?m(?)nt/ n. 恭維;稱贊;問(wèn)候

consumer /k?n'sju: m?/ n. 消費(fèi)者;用戶，顧客

complementary /k?mpl?'ment(?)r?/ adj. 補(bǔ)足的，補(bǔ)充的

persuasion /p?'swe??(?)n/ n. 說(shuō)服;說(shuō)服力;信念

automatically /?: t?'mæt?kl?/ adv. 自動(dòng)地;機(jī)械地;無(wú)意識(shí)地

shift /??ft/ v. 移動(dòng);轉(zhuǎn)變;轉(zhuǎn)換

attention /?'ten?(?)n/ n. 注意力;關(guān)心

illusion /?'l(j)u: ?(?)n/ n. 幻覺(jué)，錯(cuò)覺(jué)
 

2. Encourage People To Talk About Themselves

鼓勵(lì)人們談?wù)撟约?/p>

Talking about ourselves triggers the same sensation of pleasure in the brain as food or money. A study in PNAS found individuals place high subjective value on opportunities to communicate their thoughts and feelings to others. This engages neural and cognitive mechanisms linked with reward.

談?wù)撟约耗芟袷澄锖徒疱X一樣讓我們的大腦產(chǎn)生一種愉悅感。《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上的一篇研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，個(gè)體在交流思想情感時(shí)會(huì)帶入強(qiáng)烈的主觀價(jià)值。這里涉及到與獎(jiǎng)賞有關(guān)的神經(jīng)和認(rèn)知機(jī)制。

Self-disclosure is so extreme people were willing to forgo money in order to talk about themselves, according to the researchers. An attention-giver will give their undivided attention to the individual, and allow them to focus the conversation on themselves to feel important.

研究人員稱，自我表露是非常極端的，以至于為了談?wù)撟约?，人們可以不去想金錢。一名注意力給予者會(huì)全心全意地關(guān)注對(duì)方，并允許他們把談話焦點(diǎn)放在自己身上，使他們感到自己很重要。

encourage /?n'k?r?d?/ v. 鼓勵(lì)，慫恿;激勵(lì)

trigger /'tr?g?/ v. 引發(fā)，引起;觸發(fā)

sensation /sen'se??(?)n/ n. 感覺(jué);轟動(dòng);感動(dòng)

pleasure /'ple??/ n. 快樂(lè);希望;娛樂(lè)

individual /??nd??v?d???l/ adj. 個(gè)人的;獨(dú)特的;n. 個(gè)人，個(gè)體

subjective /s?b'd?ekt?v/ adj. 主觀的;個(gè)人的;自覺(jué)的

opportunity /??p??tju:n?t?/ n. 時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)

communicate /k?'mju: n?ke?t/ v. 通訊，傳達(dá);相通;交流

engage /?n'ge?d?/ v. 吸引，占用;使參加;雇傭

neural /'nj??r(?)l/ adj. 神經(jīng)的;神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的

cognitive /'k?gn?t?v/ adj. 認(rèn)知的，認(rèn)識(shí)的

mechanism /'mek(?)n?z(?)m/ n. 機(jī)制;原理，途徑

reward /r?'w?: d/ n. 報(bào)酬;報(bào)答;酬謝

self-disclosure /d?s'kl????/ n. 自我表露;自我揭露;自我開(kāi)放

extreme /?k'stri: m/ adj. 極端的;極度的

forgo /f?: 'g??/ v. 放棄;停止;對(duì)…斷念
 

3. Repeat The Last Three Words

重復(fù)最后三個(gè)單詞

Repetition is ideal when it comes to good communication skills, especially repeating the last three words of a conversation; this is known as "The Echo Effect." Simply repeating the last two or three words an individual said in asympathetic, questioning tone will allow the conversation to go back to the person, and make them feel more important. A study in Journal of Language and Social Psychology found mirroring people's words can be a very important skill in building likability, rapport, and social cohesion.

重復(fù)是完美的溝通訣竅，特別是重復(fù)一次談話中的最后三個(gè)字：這就是所謂的“回聲效應(yīng)”。用感同身受、帶著疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)一個(gè)人說(shuō)過(guò)的最后兩三個(gè)字，就會(huì)讓對(duì)話回到對(duì)方身上，讓他們感覺(jué)自己更加重要。《語(yǔ)言與社會(huì)心理學(xué)期刊》上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，重復(fù)別人的話語(yǔ)是建立好感度、融洽氣氛以及社會(huì)凝聚力的重要技巧。
 

repeat /r?'pi: t/ v. 重復(fù);復(fù)制

repetition /rep?'t??(?)n/ n. 重復(fù);背誦;副本

ideal /a?'d??l/ adj. 理想的;完美的

especially /??spe??l?/ adv. 特別;尤其;格外

echo /'ek??/ v. 反射;重復(fù);發(fā)出回聲

sympathetic /s?mp?'θet?k/ adj. 同情的;交感神經(jīng)的;共鳴的

tone /t??n/ n. 語(yǔ)氣;色調(diào);音調(diào)

psychology /sa?'k?l?d??/ n. 心理學(xué);心理狀態(tài)

mirror /'m?r?/ v. 反射;反映

likability /,laik?'bil?ti/ n. 可愛(ài)

rapport /ræ'p?: / n. 密切關(guān)系，交往;和諧一致

cohesion /k?(?)'hi: ?(?)n/ n. 凝聚;結(jié)合
 

4. Emphasize Similarities

強(qiáng)調(diào)共性

Naturally, we tend to bond with people who are like us. However, we seem to be unaware of this fact. A study in Evolutionary Psychology found when individuals were asked what they wanted in a partner, the majority said they would prefer a complementary partner rather than a similar one. However, the individuals were more likely to choose a partner who they thought was very similar to them.

我們天生傾向于和同類建立聯(lián)系。然而，我們似乎沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這點(diǎn)。《進(jìn)化心理學(xué)》上的一篇研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)被問(wèn)到想要什么樣的伴侶時(shí)，大多數(shù)人表示，他們更喜歡和自己互補(bǔ)的伴侶，而不是和自己相似的。然而，人們更可能選擇自己眼中的同類作為伴侶。

In reality, this shows we're not influenced by our friends after we meet them, we organically gravitate towards them because they're just like us. With total strangers, we can use this to our advantage, and shift the conversation to topics you're both interested in. This gets them to talk about things they like, as you’re being receptive about this similarity.

事實(shí)上，這說(shuō)明我們和朋友見(jiàn)面后不會(huì)受到他們的影響。我們自然而然地被他們吸引，是因?yàn)樗麄兒臀覀兒芟?。和完全陌生的人接觸時(shí)，也可以利用這點(diǎn)，把談話引到你們都感興趣的話題上。這樣對(duì)方就能夠談?wù)撍矚g的事情，因?yàn)槟銓?duì)這種相似性很容易接受。

emphasize /'emf?sa?z/ v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重

similarity /s?m?'lær?t?/ n. 類似;相似點(diǎn)

naturally /'næt?(?)r?l?/ adv. 自然地;自然而然地

tend /tend/ v. 趨向，傾向;照料

bond /b?nd/ v. 結(jié)合，團(tuán)結(jié)在一起;以…作保

unaware /?n?'we?/ adj. 不知道的，無(wú)意的

evolutionary /,i: v?'lu: ??n?r?/ adj. 進(jìn)化的;發(fā)展的;漸進(jìn)的

majority /m?'d??r?t?/ n. 多數(shù);成年

prefer /pr?'f?: / v. 更喜歡;寧愿;提出

choose /t?u: z/ v. 選擇，決定

reality /r?'æl?t?/ n. 現(xiàn)實(shí);實(shí)際;真實(shí)

influence /'?nfl??ns/ n. 影響;改變

organically /?r'gæn?k?li/ adv. 有機(jī)地;有組織地;器官上地

gravitate /'græv?te?t/ v. 受引力作用;被吸引

stranger /'stre?n(d)??/ n. 陌生人;外地人;局外人

receptive /r?'sept?v/ adj. 善于接受的;能容納的
 

5. Gossip Positively

正面八卦

Not all gossip is bad gossip, especially when it comes to compliments. A study in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found what you say about others colors how people see you. If you compliment people, you're likely to be seen positively; if you complain, you're likely to be associated with those negative traits you hate. When you gossip about others, listeners unconsciously associate you with those characteristics you're describing,eventually having those traits 'transferred' on to you.

并非所有的八卦都是不好的閑話，尤其是贊美的話?！度烁衽c社會(huì)心理學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，你對(duì)別人的評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)影響別人對(duì)你的看法。如果你贊美別人，聽(tīng)眾也會(huì)用積極的眼光來(lái)看待你;如果你抱怨別人，聽(tīng)眾可能會(huì)把你和那些你討厭的消極品質(zhì)聯(lián)系在一起。當(dāng)你八卦別人的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)眾會(huì)不自覺(jué)地把你所描述的那些特征和你聯(lián)系在一起，最終把這些特征“轉(zhuǎn)移”到你身上。

Rule of thumb: if you're going to gossip about people, do it in a positive way.

經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則：如果你要聊別人的八卦，就聊正面的內(nèi)容。
 

gossip /'g?s?p/ n. 小道傳聞;愛(ài)說(shuō)長(zhǎng)道短的人;v. 閑聊;傳播流言蜚語(yǔ)

personality /p?: s?'næl?t?/ n. 個(gè)性;品格;名人

associate /?'s????e?t/ v. 聯(lián)想;使聯(lián)合;使發(fā)生聯(lián)系

trait /tre?t/ n. 特性，特點(diǎn);品質(zhì)

characteristic /kær?kt?'r?st?k/ n. 特征;特性;特色

eventually /?'vent???l?/ adv. 最后，終于

transferred /træns'f?:d/ adj. 轉(zhuǎn)移的;轉(zhuǎn)讓的;調(diào)動(dòng)的

thumb /θ?m/ n. 拇指