知識(shí)小科普：為什么打哈欠會(huì)傳染?

　　我們常發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)別人打哈欠時(shí)，自己也會(huì)不由自主的跟著打，好像會(huì)傳染一樣，這究竟是為什么呢?一起來(lái)看看下面的這個(gè)文章吧~

　　A University of Nottingham team found it occurs in a part of the brain responsible for motor function.

　　諾丁漢大學(xué)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)它發(fā)生在大腦負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的部分。
 

　　The primary motor cortex also plays a part in conditions such as Tourette’s syndrome.

　　初級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層也在圖雷特氏綜合癥等疾病中起著重要作用。
 

　　So the scientists say understanding contagious yawning could also help understand those disorders too.

　　因此，科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，了解傳染性哈欠也有助于理解這些疾病。
 

　　syndrome /'s?ndr??m/ n. [臨床] 綜合癥狀;并發(fā)癥狀

　　contagious /k?n'te?d??s/ adj. 感染性的;會(huì)蔓延的

　　yawn /j?: n/ n. 哈欠;裂口;v. 打哈欠

　　disorder /d?s'?: d?/ n. 混亂;騷亂;v. 使失調(diào);擾亂

　　Contagious yawning is a common form of echo-phenomena - the automatic imitation of someone else’s words or actions.

　　傳染性哈欠是一種常見的模仿行為，即自動(dòng)模仿他人的言語(yǔ)或行為。
 

　　Echo-phenomena is also seen in Tourette’s, as well as in other conditions, including epilepsy and autism.

　　在圖雷特氏綜合癥以及其他疾病，包括癲癇和自閉癥中，也出現(xiàn)了這一模仿現(xiàn)象。
 

　　To test what’s happening in the brain during the phenomenon, scientists monitored 36 volunteers while they watched others yawning.

　　為了測(cè)試這一現(xiàn)象在大腦中發(fā)生的情況，科學(xué)家們監(jiān)測(cè)了36名志愿者在看到其他人打哈欠時(shí)的反應(yīng)。
 

　　echo-phenomena /'ek??f?n'?m?n?/ n. 模仿現(xiàn)象

　　automatic /?: t?'mæt?k/ adj. 自動(dòng)的;無(wú)意識(shí)的

　　imitation /?m?'te??(?)n/ n. 模仿，仿造;仿制品

　　epilepsy /'ep?leps?/ n. [內(nèi)科] 癲癇，癲癇癥

　　autism /'?: t?z(?)m/ n. [心理][內(nèi)科] 孤獨(dú)癥;自我中心主義

　　monitor /'m?n?t?/ vt. 監(jiān)控;n. 監(jiān)視器;監(jiān)聽器

　　In the study, published in the journal Current Biology, some were told it was fine to yawn while others were told to stifle the urge.

　　此項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上，在試驗(yàn)中一部分人被告知看到別人打哈欠后可以跟著打，而另一部分人則被告知要抑制這種欲望。
 

　　The urge to yawn was down to how each person’s primary motor cortex worked - its "excitability".

　　打哈欠的沖動(dòng)取決于個(gè)人主要運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層的特質(zhì)—“興奮性”。
 

　　And, using external transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), it was also possible to increase "excitability" in the motor cortex and therefore people’s propensity for contagious yawns.

　　采用外部經(jīng)顱磁刺激(TMS)試驗(yàn)也有可能增加運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層的“興奮性”，導(dǎo)致你會(huì)有傳染性哈欠的欲望。
 

　　stifle /'sta?f(?)l/ vt. 扼殺;窒息;抑制

　　cortex /'k?: teks/ n. [解剖] 皮質(zhì);樹皮;果皮

　　excitability /?k,sa?t?'b?l?ti/ n. [生理] 興奮性，應(yīng)激性;可激發(fā)性

　　transcranial /trænz?kre?n??l/ adj. 經(jīng)顱的

　　magnetic /mæg'net?k/ adj. 地磁的;磁的;有磁性的

　　stimulation /?st?mj?'le?n/ n. 刺激;激勵(lì)，鼓舞

　　propensity /pr?'pens?t?/ n. 傾向，習(xí)性;癖好，偏愛

　　Georgina Jackson, professor of cognitive neuropsychology who worked on the study, said the finding could have wider uses: "In Tourette’s, if we could reduce the excitability we might reduce the ticks, and that’s what we are working on."

　　參與這項(xiàng)研究的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)心理學(xué)教授喬治娜.杰克遜說(shuō)，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有更深層次的用途：“如果在治療圖雷特氏綜合癥時(shí)我們能夠降低興奮性，我們可能就會(huì)減少抽動(dòng)，而這正是我們研究的目標(biāo)。”
 

　　Prof Stephen Jackson, who also worked on the research, added: "If we can understand how alterations in cortical excitability give rise to neural disorders we can potentially reverse them.

　　斯蒂芬.杰克遜教授也參與了這項(xiàng)研究，他補(bǔ)充道:“如果我們能理解大腦皮層興奮性的變化是如何引起神經(jīng)紊亂的，我們就有可能逆轉(zhuǎn)它們。”
 

　　We are looking for potential non-drug, personalised treatments, using TMS that might be effective in modulating imbalances in the brain networks.

　　“我們正在尋找潛在的非藥物的個(gè)性化治療，采用TMS方法就可能有效地調(diào)節(jié)大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不平衡狀態(tài)。”
 

　　cognitive neuropsychology /'k?gn?t?v/ /,nj??r?(?)sa?'k?l?d??/ 認(rèn)知神經(jīng)心理學(xué)

　　alteration /?: lt?'re??(?)n/ n. 修改，改變;變更

　　cortical /'k??t?k?l/ adj. 皮質(zhì)的;[生物] 皮層的;外皮的

　　neural /'nj??r(?)l/ adj. 神經(jīng)的;神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的;神經(jīng)中樞的

　　reverse /r?'v??s/ v. 顛倒;倒轉(zhuǎn);逆轉(zhuǎn)

　　personalised /'p?:s?n?laizd/ adj. (英)個(gè)人化的(等于personalized)

　　modulate /'m?dj?le?t/ v. 調(diào)節(jié);(信號(hào))調(diào)制;調(diào)整

　　imbalance /?m'bæl(?)ns/ n. 不平衡;不安定

　　Dr Andrew Gallup, a psychologist at State University of New York at Albany, who has carried out research into the connection between empathy and yawning, said using TMS was a "novel approach" to the study of contagious yawning.

　　安德魯.蓋洛普博士是紐約州立大學(xué)奧爾巴尼分校的心理學(xué)家，他對(duì)共鳴和打哈欠之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了研究，他說(shuō)，使用TMS來(lái)研究是傳染性哈欠一種“新奇的方法”。
 

　　He added: "We still know relatively little about why we yawn. Various studies have proposed links between contagious yawning and empathy, yet the research supporting this connection is mixed and inconsistent.

　　他補(bǔ)充道:“對(duì)于為什么打哈欠我們了解的還很少。”針對(duì)傳染性哈欠和共鳴之間的聯(lián)系開展了很多研究，但是目前說(shuō)法不一。
 

　　The current findings provide further evidence that yawn contagion may be unrelated to empathic processing.

　　“目前的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步證明，打哈欠傳染可能與共鳴無(wú)關(guān)。”
 

　　psychologist /sa?'k?l?d??st/ n. 心理學(xué)家，心理學(xué)者

　　empathy /'emp?θ?/ n. 執(zhí)著;感同身受;同感;共鳴

　　propose /pr?'p??z/ v. 建議;打算，計(jì)劃

　　inconsistent /?nk?n's?st(?)nt/ adj. 不一致的;前后矛盾的

　　empathic /em'pæθ?k/ adj. 移情作用的;神入的;共鳴的