代詞

(2) this和these常指后面將要講到的事物，有啟下的作用，that和those常指前面已經(jīng)講到過的事物，起承上的作用。

例：I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我將對(duì)你說這一點(diǎn)：他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。

He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他沒來的原因。

He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花費(fèi)了他5美元。

(3) that和those有時(shí)可用來代替前面提到過的東西，以避免重復(fù)這個(gè)名詞：

These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 這些機(jī)器比我們?nèi)ツ晟a(chǎn)的好。

The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油產(chǎn)量比1986年高很多。

The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中國的歷史同俄國的歷史一樣有趣。

(4) 在電話中，this表示打電話者，that表示接電話的對(duì)方。

例：A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鮑勃。

B: Who's that please? 請(qǐng)問是哪位?(美語用Who's it?或Who's this?)

3、such也是一個(gè)指示代詞，在句子中可用作：

(1) 定語：

We have had such a busy day. 我們今天忙得真夠嗆。

I don’t like such weather. 我不喜歡這樣的天氣。

(2) 主語：

Such was my immediate impression. 這就是我當(dāng)時(shí)的印象。

Such are the results. 結(jié)果就是如此。

(3) 表語：

His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病還不至于使人焦慮不安。