實戰(zhàn)口語情景對話：Irish History 愛爾蘭歷史

Todd: Hey, Eucharia can you give us a brief history of Ireland?

托德：嗨，尤查里亞，你能和我們簡單說說愛爾蘭的歷史嗎?

Eucharia: Sure well, I think most people know of St Patrick's day and that it is an Irish festival which celebrates being Irish. Well, St Patrick was brought to Ireland in 460 as a slave from Wales and then he left and went to Italy where he was converted to Christianity and then he went back to Ireland to bring Christianity to the Irish Celtic people. So, skipping ahead a few years. The Celtic people were always quite unique within Europe because we… the Celtic people always believed in equality between men and women and therefore there were women warriors in Ireland which used to frighten many of the potential invaders away because a lot of men didn't like to be beaten by women back then and maybe it's still true today.

尤查里亞：當然可以，我想大部分人都知道圣帕特里克節(jié)，這是愛爾蘭人慶祝的一個節(jié)日。圣帕特里克出生在威爾士，公元460年他被當成奴隸賣到了愛爾蘭，之后他離開愛爾蘭前往意大利，在那里皈依基督教，后來他回到愛爾蘭并向愛爾蘭凱爾特人宣揚基督教。先說一下之前的情況。凱爾特人在歐洲屬于非常獨特的族群，因為我們……凱爾特人一直相信男女平等，所以愛爾蘭有很多女戰(zhàn)士，她們曾趕跑了很多想入侵愛爾蘭的人，當時很多男性并不想被女人打，我想現(xiàn)在情況也是如此。

Then the next biggest thing in history was the colonialisation of Ireland by England, starting in the 16th century until the early 20th century. And it wasn't taken to readily because of the nature of the Celtic warriors. It was probably the bloodiest period in history because the Celtic people did not like to be colonised, so there was a lot of fighting and battles between the English and the Irish even though the English had, to all intents and purposes, colonised, it was not an easy colonisation. But the single most effective tech that the Eng used in the colonisation came in 1822 when the English implemented a national education system. Before this the Irish people used to go and learn in schools called 'hedge schools', so they were outside and they were given by people who wanted to teach, so genuine academics and people learned stuff like ancient greek, latin, so most people have this tradition of speaking other languages, mathematics… So when the education system was changed in line with the English colonial system it became illegal to speak Irish in the classroom and it became illegal to speak Irish in many places. Now in my city there's a lovely trading area called 'The Old English Market' and its called 'The Old English Market' because there is a sign inside the door: 'Anyone who will speak… who will speak in Irish and not in English will be sent to jail'. So it was really strictly enforced and it was a very… I can't say laudable technique but… it was a very effective way of colonisation. Nowadays in Ireland people spk English and people speak Irish, both, and it's considered bilingual. All documents, all street names are written in Irish and English.

愛爾蘭歷史上最重大的事件是在16世紀至20世紀初期成為英國的殖民地。但是由于凱爾特戰(zhàn)士的天性，愛爾蘭并不是很輕易就被入侵了。那可能是愛爾蘭歷史上最為血腥的時期，因為凱爾特人不喜歡被殖民，所以愛爾蘭和英國之間爆發(fā)了很多斗爭和戰(zhàn)爭，雖然事實上英國已經(jīng)在殖民統(tǒng)治愛爾蘭了，但那次殖民化并不容易。英國殖民統(tǒng)治時期最有成效的方法是在1822年推行國家教育體制。在此之前愛爾蘭人上的是“露天學校”，他們在戶外上課而且是由愿意教學的人來上課，人們會學習古希臘語和拉丁語，所以大部分人都會說其他的語言，當然這種學校也會教數(shù)學……而為了配合英國的殖民系統(tǒng)，教育體制進行了更改，這樣一來在課堂上還有愛爾蘭的許多地方說愛爾蘭語都是違法的?，F(xiàn)在我的家鄉(xiāng)城市有個有意思的交易區(qū)叫“舊式英語市場”，稱為“舊式英語市場”的原因是門口掛著一個牌子，上面寫著：任何人說……任何說愛爾蘭語而不說英語的人都要被送進監(jiān)獄。所以當時的規(guī)定執(zhí)行地非常嚴格，而且非常……我不能說那是值得稱贊的方法，不過……那的確是一種非常有效的殖民方式?，F(xiàn)在愛爾蘭人既說英語也說愛爾蘭語，愛爾蘭是有兩個官方語言的國家。所有的文件、街道名稱都是用愛爾蘭和英語寫成的。

1922 there was what was known as the civil war and that was the beginning of the end for the English so the first Irish constitution was written in 1935 and it stated that Ireland is a neutral country so therefore Ireland did not enter World War 2 and it was declared a Republic in 1949. 1922年爆發(fā)了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，標志著英國殖民統(tǒng)治的結(jié)束，愛爾蘭第一部憲法于1935年完成，憲法規(guī)定愛爾蘭是中立國家，所以愛爾蘭沒有參加第二次世界大戰(zhàn)，1949年愛爾蘭宣布成立共和國。

Todd: Thanks. That was a good history!

托德：謝謝你。這段歷史很詳細!