實(shí)戰(zhàn)口語(yǔ)情景對(duì)話(huà)：Cuba and Japan 古巴和日本

OK, I'd like to talk about consumerism in capitalist and communist countries. I don't know if anyone has actually noticed but Japan is very, what's the word, "consumerized." Everything is built for the consumer. You've got huge adverts, you've got talking trees, you've got people with microphones outside the shop screaming "Ireshaimase" at everybody as they go past. Everything is built for advertising, for consuming, for buying, for competing, for constantly making newer and better goods so people buy them. A complete reverse of this is somewhere like Cuba, which is one of the last sort of communist states around, and probably the only place where communism has actually worked. In Cuba everything is owned by the government so there's no companies competing with each other for advertising space, sort of trying to out do each other, and driving prices up, everything's done by the government, any adverts are for the same products owned by the same people. When I was living in Cuba we tried to explain how in a capitalist society, how consumerism would work, so I'd like to give you a quick example.

好，我想談?wù)勝Y本主義國(guó)家和社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的消費(fèi)主義。我不知道是不是所有人都意識(shí)到了，但是日本是一個(gè)非常“消費(fèi)化”的國(guó)家。所有的東西都是為消費(fèi)者建造的。你會(huì)看到巨型廣告，會(huì)說(shuō)話(huà)的樹(shù)，你會(huì)看到在商場(chǎng)外面用麥克風(fēng)對(duì)所有過(guò)路人說(shuō)“歡迎光臨”的人。所有的東西都是為廣告、消費(fèi)、購(gòu)買(mǎi)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、不斷制造更新、更好的物品而建造的，這樣民眾才會(huì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)這些商品。與日本完全相反的地方就是古巴，那是一個(gè)絕對(duì)的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家，可能是唯一一個(gè)真正實(shí)行社會(huì)主義制度的地方。古巴的所有東西都?xì)w國(guó)家所有，所以沒(méi)有互相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廣告版面的公司，沒(méi)有這種試圖把競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手趕出去，并競(jìng)相抬價(jià)的行為，所有的東西都是由政府完成的，同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的廣告都由一個(gè)人來(lái)掌控。我在古巴生活期間曾經(jīng)試圖解釋消費(fèi)主義在資本主義社會(huì)的運(yùn)作，現(xiàn)在我想舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明。

In Cuba there are many people selling really cheap orange juice on the street. Um, they make it from like a, like a cordial, like a powder which they add water to and they dilute it and keep it cold and they sell it for the equivalent of about 10 yen a glass. Many people sell this. I tried to explain to my host family, OK, if this was, if we wanted to sell this orange juice in the street, we would find out the supplier, buy all of it, and then open up shop charging three times the price as anyone else. No one would be able to sell any because they couldn't naturally get hold of it. The Cubans have no idea this would be a good idea. We received questions such as, "Why would you do that? But that would mean no one else could sell any. That would mean you would get all the money and no one else. We were like, "exactly!"

古巴有許多人在街頭賣(mài)極便宜的橙汁。嗯，這是他們用一種甜果汁飲料，一種沖劑做成的，他們會(huì)在里面加水進(jìn)行稀釋并冷藏，他們出售的價(jià)格大概是一杯10日元。許多人會(huì)賣(mài)這種飲料。我試圖對(duì)我的接待家庭解釋?zhuān)绻谖覀兡抢?，要在街頭賣(mài)這種橙汁，那我們要找到供應(yīng)商，從他們那里買(mǎi)來(lái)所有的貨，然后開(kāi)家店鋪，價(jià)格定為其他人的三倍。這樣就沒(méi)有別人能再賣(mài)了，因?yàn)樗麄兏緹o(wú)法得到貨源。古巴人并不認(rèn)為這是個(gè)好主意。他們通常會(huì)問(wèn)我們這樣的問(wèn)題，“你們?yōu)槭裁匆菢幼?那樣的話(huà)其他人都不能賣(mài)了。那樣你會(huì)得到所有的錢(qián)，而其他人就得不到了。”我們會(huì)回答，“就是這樣啊!”