旅游英語景點介紹—北京天壇 Temple of Heaven

　　【簡介】天壇位于北京市崇文區(qū)在永定門內(nèi)大街路東。原是明清兩代皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的場所，始建于明永樂十八年(1420年)，至清乾隆年間最終建成。天壇占地達273萬平方米。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘、皇穹宇、齋宮、神樂署、犧牲所等。天壇分為內(nèi)、外兩壇，內(nèi)壇由圜丘、祈谷壇兩部分組成，內(nèi)壇北部是祈谷壇，內(nèi)壇南部是圜丘壇，一條360米長的丹陛橋連綴兩壇，兩壇的主要建筑就集中在丹陛橋兩端，丹陛橋南端有圜丘、皇穹宇，北端有祈年殿、皇乾殿。丹陛橋也稱海攫大道，是一條巨大的磚砌高臺商道，也是天壇建筑的主軸線。在丹陛橋的東側(cè)建有與天壇祭祀功能相適應(yīng)的附屬建筑：宰牲亭、神廚、神庫等。丹陛橋西側(cè)有齋宮，齋宮是舉行祭天大典前皇帝進行齋戒的場所。外壇為林區(qū)，廣植樹木，外壇的西南部有神樂署，是明清時期演習(xí)祭祀禮樂及培訓(xùn)祭祀樂舞生的場所。神樂署、齋宮都是祭壇的附屬建筑，是祭祀大典的服務(wù)用房，故齋宮、神樂署都是坐西向東，其建筑規(guī)格、瓦色、裝飾彩畫均遜于天壇的祭祀建筑，強烈地表達了中國古代的"敬天"思想。

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Welcome to the temple of Heaven. (After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.

(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)

The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why ?

The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.

The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature. In those days, there were specfic rites of worship. This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square .The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.

(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)

the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of Souther

n Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

On the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)

we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace .Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. But why?

According to an cient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin. Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.