綠色空間與兒童多動(dòng)癥之間的關(guān)系

As technology seems to consume more and more of a child’s life these days, getting them out into the fresh air can be a priority for many parents. Now, a recent study finds growing up around nature may be even more important to a youngster’s development. Researchers in Denmark say children who grow up with plenty of green spaces around are less likely to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

如今，科技似乎在孩子的生活中占據(jù)越來(lái)越大的份額，讓他們走出去呼吸新鮮空氣可能是許多家長(zhǎng)的首要任務(wù)?，F(xiàn)在，最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在大自然中成長(zhǎng)對(duì)年輕人的發(fā)展可能更為重要。丹麥的研究人員說(shuō)，在周?chē)写罅烤G地的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大的孩子患注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙(ADHD)的可能性較小。

Their report, the largest of its kind to date, reveals the amount of green space surrounding a child’s home influences their chances of suffering from the disorder. ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric conditions among children and can affect them in different ways.

他們的報(bào)告是迄今為止同類(lèi)報(bào)告中規(guī)模最大的一份，揭示了孩子家周?chē)木G地?cái)?shù)量影響他們患上這種疾病的幾率。多動(dòng)癥是兒童中最常見(jiàn)的精神疾病之一，可以以不同的方式影響他們。

The reason behind who develops ADHD, which can cause increased levels of hyperactive or impulsive behavior, is still not fully clear to doctors. Study authors decided to examine how environmental areas around where children and teenagers live affects their risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis.

多動(dòng)癥會(huì)導(dǎo)致過(guò)度活躍或沖動(dòng)行為的增加，醫(yī)生們還不完全清楚這背后的原因。研究人員決定調(diào)查兒童和青少年生活的周?chē)h(huán)境如何影響他們得到多動(dòng)癥診斷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

“Our findings show that children who have been exposed to less green surroundings in their residential area in early childhood, which we define as lasting up until age five, have an increased risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis when compared to children who have been surrounded by the highest level of green space,” explains doctoral student Malene Thygesen from Aarhus University in a media release.

“我們的研究結(jié)果表明，那些在幼兒時(shí)期就暴露在較少綠色環(huán)境中的兒童，我們定義為一直持續(xù)到5歲的兒童，與那些被最高水平的綠色環(huán)境包圍的兒童相比，患多動(dòng)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,”來(lái)自教授的博士生奧胡斯大學(xué)的馬琳 · 蒂格森在一份媒體稿中解釋說(shuō)。

Nature can have a powerful impact on mental health

大自然可以對(duì)心理健康產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的影響

Experts believe ADHD may be a hereditary condition, but other factors also can play a role in its development. For this reason, there are strong arguments for research into the causes of children developing these behavioral changes. Previous studies have discovered a link between children’s mental well-being and cognitive development and their access to green spaces.

專家認(rèn)為，多動(dòng)癥可能是一種遺傳性疾病，但其他因素也可能在其發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮作用。基于這個(gè)原因，有強(qiáng)有力的論據(jù)支持研究?jī)和l(fā)展這些行為變化的原因。先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童的心理健康和認(rèn)知發(fā)展、以及他們進(jìn)入綠地的機(jī)會(huì)之間存在聯(lián)系。

“In the study we adjusted for gender, age, the child’s year of birth, and the parents’ psychiatric diagnosis and socio-economic status, and neighborhood level socio-economic status,” Thygesen says. “Our study is strong because it includes many individuals and because the information is very detailed. For example, we use data based on clinical diagnoses of ADHD made by specialists.”

“在這項(xiàng)研究中，我們調(diào)整了性別、年齡、孩子的出生年份、父母的精神病診斷和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，以及社區(qū)層面的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，”蒂格森說(shuō)，“我們的研究是強(qiáng)有力的，因?yàn)樗ㄈ藬?shù)眾多、而且信息非常詳細(xì)。例如，我們使用的數(shù)據(jù)是基于專家對(duì)多動(dòng)癥的臨床診斷。”

“It’s interesting to think that living in green environments may be a protective factor for children in relation to the risk of developing ADHD,” the lead researcher continues.

“有意思的是，生活在綠色環(huán)境中可能是兒童發(fā)展多動(dòng)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的一個(gè)保護(hù)因素。”首席研究員繼續(xù)說(shuō)。

Although study authors discovered an apparent connection between green spaces and ADHD, they admit a single study does not provide concrete evidence yet. However, the team notes their results are still in line with other studies on the environment’s role in ADHD risk.

盡管研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了綠色空間和多動(dòng)癥之間的明顯聯(lián)系，但他們承認(rèn)這項(xiàng)研究還沒(méi)有提供具體的證據(jù)。然而，研究小組指出，他們的研究結(jié)果仍然與環(huán)境在多動(dòng)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的作用的同類(lèi)研究結(jié)果一致。

The findings appear in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.

研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《環(huán)境健康展望》雜志上。