一邊開一邊充的充電時(shí)代，馬上就來了

工程師們公布了一套可以向移動目標(biāo)無線傳輸電力的系統(tǒng)

Wireless charging is already a thing (in smartphones, for example), but scientists are working on the next level of this technology that could deliver power over greater distances and to moving objects, such as cars.

無線充電已經(jīng)成為一種技術(shù)(例如在智能手機(jī)中)，但是科學(xué)家們正在研究這種技術(shù)的下一個(gè)階段，這種技術(shù)可以在更遠(yuǎn)的距離上傳輸能量，并且可以傳輸?shù)揭苿拥奈矬w上，比如汽車。

Imagine cruising down the road while your electric vehicle gets charged, or having a robot that doesn't lose battery life while it moves around a factory floor. That's the sort of potential behind the newly developed technology from a team at Stanford University.

想象一下，你的電動汽車一邊在公路上行駛一邊充電，或者一個(gè)機(jī)器人在工廠移動時(shí)不會突然沒電。這就是斯坦福大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的新技術(shù)背后的潛力。

If you're a long-time ScienceAlert reader, you may remember the same researchers first debuted the technology back in 2017. Now it's been made more efficient, more powerful, and more practical – so it can hopefully soon be moved out of the lab.

如果你是《科學(xué)警報(bào)》的忠實(shí)讀者，你可能還記得這些研究人員早在2017年就首次推出了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)?，F(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)變得更高效、更強(qiáng)大、更實(shí)用——所以它很快就能走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室了。

"This is a significant step toward a practical and efficient system for wirelessly recharging automobiles and robots, even when they are moving at high speeds," says electrical engineer Shanhui Fan.

電氣工程師樊尚輝(音譯)說：“這是朝著一個(gè)實(shí)用高效的無線充電系統(tǒng)邁出的重要一步，即使汽車和機(jī)器人在高速行駛時(shí)也是如此。”。

"We would have to scale up the power to recharge a moving car, but I don't think that's a serious roadblock. For recharging robots, we're already within the range of practical usefulness."

“我們將不得不加大給行駛中的汽車充電的功率，但我不認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的障礙。對于給機(jī)器人充電，我們已經(jīng)在實(shí)用范圍內(nèi)了。”

Wireless electricity transfer relies on generating oscillating magnetic fields that can then cause electrons in a conductor to also oscillate at a particular frequency. However, that frequency is easily messed up if the device is moving. Your smartphone needs to be sitting perfectly still on its charging mat, for example.

無線電能傳輸依賴于產(chǎn)生振蕩磁場，從而使導(dǎo)體中的電子也以特定頻率振蕩。但是，如果設(shè)備在移動，那么這個(gè)頻率很容易被弄亂。例如，你的智能手機(jī)需要完全靜止在充電墊上。

What Stanford scientists did in 2017 was set up an amplifier and feedback resistor loop that could change the operating frequency as the receiving device moved. At that stage though, only 10 percent of the power moving through the system was transmitted.

斯坦福大學(xué)的科學(xué)家在2017年所做的是建立一個(gè)放大器和反饋電阻回路，隨著接收設(shè)備的移動，可以改變工作頻率。不過，在那個(gè)階段，通過系統(tǒng)傳輸?shù)墓β手挥?0%。

Now, they've got it up to 92 percent. That huge boost in efficiency is down to a new 'switch mode' amplifier – a more precise solution, but a far more complex one, which is why it's taken the team another three years to develop it to a satisfactory level.

現(xiàn)在，功率已高達(dá)92%。效率的巨大提升歸功于一個(gè)新的“開關(guān)模式”放大器——一個(gè)更精確的解決方案，但要復(fù)雜得多的解決方案，這就是為什么團(tuán)隊(duì)花了三年時(shí)間才將其發(fā)展到令人滿意的水平。

The basic idea is the same as it was in 2017 though: adjusting the resonating frequency coming from the charger as the device moves around. Right now the system can transmit 10W of power across a distance of up to 65 centimetres (nearly 26 inches), but the researchers say there's no reason why it can't be quickly scaled up.

不過，基本思路與2017年相同：隨著設(shè)備的移動，調(diào)整來自充電器的共振頻率。目前，該系統(tǒng)可以在65厘米(近26英寸)的距離內(nèi)傳輸10瓦的功率，放心，研究人員表示，放到路面上也一樣好使。

The research has been published in Nature Electronics.

這項(xiàng)研究已發(fā)表在《自然電子學(xué)》雜志上。