歐洲衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局警告說(shuō)，LED燈會(huì)損害眼睛，擾亂睡眠

歐洲衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局警告說(shuō)，LED燈會(huì)損害眼睛，擾亂睡眠

The blue light in LED lighting that is increasingly used in our homes can damage the eye's retina while disturbing our biological and sleep rhythms, a French health authority warned in a new report.

法國(guó)衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局在一份新報(bào)告中警告說(shuō)，我們的家庭中越來(lái)越多地使用的LED燈，其中的藍(lán)光會(huì)損害眼睛的視網(wǎng)膜，同時(shí)擾亂我們的生物和睡眠節(jié)律。

New scientific evidence confirms the "phototoxic effects" of short-term exposures to high-intensity blue light, as well as an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration after chronic exposure to lower-intensity sources, according to the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, known as ANSES.

據(jù)法國(guó)食品、環(huán)境和職業(yè)健康與安全署(ANSES)稱(chēng)，新的科學(xué)證據(jù)證實(shí)了短期暴露在高強(qiáng)度藍(lán)光下的“光毒性效應(yīng)”，以及長(zhǎng)期暴露在低強(qiáng)度藍(lán)光下會(huì)增加老年性黃斑變性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss among people over 50. causes damage to the macula, a small spot near the center of the retina.

老年性黃斑變性是導(dǎo)致50歲以上人群視力下降的主要原因，它會(huì)對(duì)黃斑造成損害。黃斑是視網(wǎng)膜中心附近的一個(gè)小點(diǎn)。

Blue light itself is not new. Sunlight produces rays of blue that have higher energy than other wavelengths in the light spectrum. And old-fashioned lightbulbs produced some blue light, though less than what is emitted by energy-efficient curlicue (fluorescent) lightbulbs or LEDs.

藍(lán)光本身并不新鮮。陽(yáng)光產(chǎn)生的藍(lán)色射線(xiàn)比光譜中其他波長(zhǎng)的能量更高。老式燈泡發(fā)出一些藍(lán)光，盡管比節(jié)能的熒光燈或LED燈發(fā)出的藍(lán)光少。

LEDs are "undergoing rapid technological and economic development as a new source of lighting. For many years, they were only used in electronics but are now found as integral parts of lighting systems," ANSES wrote in a 2016 report. Today, LEDs are used for domestic purposes as well as industrial and commercial ones.

LED燈作為一種新的照明光源，正經(jīng)歷著技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。多年來(lái)，它們只用于電子產(chǎn)品，但現(xiàn)在已成為照明系統(tǒng)不可或缺的一部分，”ANSES在2016年的一份報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道。今天，LED燈不僅用于工業(yè)和商業(yè)，也用于家庭。

In the United States, LED products have been seeing increased adoption, a positive development in terms of energy consumption because they use significantly less electricity per lumen than many traditional lighting technologies, according to the US Department of Energy. Market penetration of LED lighting is increasing, the agency estimates.

據(jù)美國(guó)能源部稱(chēng)，在美國(guó)，LED產(chǎn)品的使用率不斷提高，這在能源消耗方面是一個(gè)積極的發(fā)展，因?yàn)榕c許多傳統(tǒng)照明技術(shù)相比，LED產(chǎn)品每流明的用電量大大減少。該機(jī)構(gòu)估計(jì)，LED照明的市場(chǎng)滲透率正在增加。

Additional scientific evidence

更多的科學(xué)證據(jù)

An American study also described the use of blue light as "increasingly prominent" in today's world. Lead author Gianluca Tosini, professor and chief scientific research officer at Atlanta's Morehouse School of Medicine, said blue light can indeed damage the eyes, but only if the wavelengths are below 455 nanometers and the intensity is quite high.

美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究也將藍(lán)光在當(dāng)今世界的使用描述為“日益突出”。該研究的第一作者、亞特蘭大莫爾豪斯醫(yī)學(xué)院的教授兼首席科學(xué)研究官吉安盧卡·托西尼說(shuō)，藍(lán)光確實(shí)會(huì)損害眼睛，但前提是藍(lán)光的波長(zhǎng)低于455納米，而且藍(lán)光的強(qiáng)度相當(dāng)高。

"There are blue light photoreceptors in the retina that directly communicate with the brain circadian clock," Tosini, who was not involved in the ANSES report, wrote in an email. "It is true that exposure to light in the evening affect sleep and circadian rhythms mostly by inhibiting the synthesis of the sleep promoting hormone melatonin."

托西尼在一封電子郵件中寫(xiě)道:“視網(wǎng)膜上有藍(lán)光感光器，它們直接與大腦的晝夜節(jié)律鐘聯(lián)系。”托西尼沒(méi)有參與ANSES的報(bào)告。“的確，晚上暴露在光線(xiàn)下，主要是通過(guò)抑制促進(jìn)睡眠的褪黑激素的合成，來(lái)影響睡眠和晝夜節(jié)律。”

Yet he also said that a few studies have shown that "exposure to blue light in the middle of the day may have beneficial effects" in that it increases alertness.

不過(guò)，他也表示，一些研究已經(jīng)表明，“在中午暴露在藍(lán)光下可能會(huì)有有益的影響”，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)提高警覺(jué)性。

Janet Sparrow, a professor of ophthalmic sciences at Columbia University, wrote in an email that "blue light is thought to help individuals to maintain the daily rhythms that allow sleep."

哥倫比亞大學(xué)眼科科學(xué)教授珍妮特·斯派洛在一封電子郵件中寫(xiě)道，“人們認(rèn)為藍(lán)光有助于維持允許睡眠的日常節(jié)律。”

The retina "accumulates fluorescent molecules generally referred to as lipofuscin," explained Sparrow, who was not involved in the ANSES report.

視網(wǎng)膜“聚集了通常被稱(chēng)為脂褐素的熒光分子，” 斯派洛解釋道，他并沒(méi)有參與到ANSES的報(bào)告中。

"These compounds become more abundant with age and are sensitive to blue light." Early evidence suggests that this light sensitivity may lead to unhealthy optical responses over the long term, she said.

“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，這些化合物會(huì)變得更加豐富，并且對(duì)藍(lán)光更加敏感。”她說(shuō)，早期的證據(jù)表明，這種光敏性可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期的不健康的光學(xué)反應(yīng)。

Tosini noted that scientists are convinced that exposure to LED blue light in the range of 470 to 480 nanometers for a short to medium period (days to weeks) should not significantly increase the risk of eye disease, but the same is not necessarily true for long-term exposure (months to years).

托西尼指出，科學(xué)家確信，中短期(幾天到幾周)暴露在470納米到480納米范圍內(nèi)的LED藍(lán)光下，不會(huì)顯著增加患眼疾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但長(zhǎng)期(數(shù)月到數(shù)年)暴露在LED藍(lán)光下，情況未必如此。

"I believe that more studies are needed on this topic that is really affecting the health of many citizens," he said. He added a potential solution to the problem of blue light would be to develop intelligent lighting systems that change the composition of lighting throughout the day.

他說(shuō):“我認(rèn)為需要對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行更多的研究，因?yàn)樗_實(shí)影響著許多公民的健康。”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，解決藍(lán)光問(wèn)題的一個(gè)潛在方案是開(kāi)發(fā)智能照明系統(tǒng)，改變?nèi)煺彰鞯慕M成。