通過(guò)心理治療和藥物，可以“編輯”人的記憶

A Montreal researcher says he has found a way to take the emotional sting out a bad breakup by "editing" memories using therapy and a beta blocker.

加拿大蒙特利爾一名研究人員稱，他找到了一種方法，通過(guò)心理治療和beta受體阻斷劑藥物來(lái)“編輯”人的記憶，消除分手失戀的情感創(chuàng)傷。

Dr Alain Brunet has spent over 15 years studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), working with combat veterans, people who have experienced terror attacks and crime victims.

阿蘭·布魯內(nèi)博士(Dr Alain Brunet)花了15年時(shí)間研究創(chuàng)傷后壓力癥候群(PTSD)，對(duì)參加過(guò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或者經(jīng)歷過(guò)恐怖襲擊的人，以及罪案受害者等進(jìn)行研究。

Much of his research has centred on the development of what he calls "reconsolidation therapy", an innovative approach that can help remove emotional pain from a traumatic memory.

他的研究很大部分集中在他所說(shuō)的“再固化療法”的發(fā)展上。這是一種革新性的治療方法，能夠幫助消除創(chuàng)傷記憶當(dāng)中的情感傷痛。

At the heart of his work is a humble pharmaceutical - propranolol - a beta blocker long used to treat common physical ailments like hypertension and migraines, but which research now suggests has a wider application.

他工作當(dāng)中的一個(gè)重心是一種不起眼的藥物“普萘洛爾(Propranolol)”——這是一種乙型交感神經(jīng)阻斷劑，多年以來(lái)一直被用于高血壓和偏頭痛等一般疾病的治療，但是目前的研究顯示，它還有更廣泛的用途。

The reconsolidation method involves taking propranolol about an hour before a therapy session where the patient is asked to write a detailed account of their trauma and then read it aloud.

這種記憶再固化治療方法，是要在心理治療前一小時(shí)左右服用普萘洛爾，然后病人在治療中會(huì)被要求將自己的創(chuàng)傷經(jīng)歷詳細(xì)地寫下來(lái)，再大聲讀出來(lái)。

"Often when you recall memory, if there's something new to learn, this memory will unlock and you can update it, and it will be saved again," the Canadian clinical psychologist tells the BBC.

“很多時(shí)候當(dāng)你回想一段記憶，如果有新的東西可以記，那這段記憶就會(huì)解鎖，然后你就可以去更新它，然后它會(huì)重新儲(chǔ)存，”這名加拿大臨床心理醫(yī)生向BBC表示。

"We're using this enhanced understanding on how memories are formed and how they are unlocked and updated and saved again - we're essentially using this recent knowledge coming out of neuroscience to treat patients," says Dr Brunet.

“我們正在利用記憶如何形成，以及它是如何被解鎖、更新然后重新儲(chǔ)存等這些來(lái)自神經(jīng)科學(xué)的最新知識(shí)治療病人，”布魯內(nèi)醫(yī)生說(shuō)。

Memories, their neutral, factual elements, are saved in the brain's hippocampus. But the emotional tone of the memory is saved in its amygdala.

在人的記憶當(dāng)中，那些核心事實(shí)部分是儲(chǔ)存在大腦的海馬體中，而記憶當(dāng)中有感情色彩的部分則是儲(chǔ)存在杏仁核體當(dāng)中。

"Imagine that you are shooting a movie in the old-fashioned way so you have the image and and the sound and they are on two separate channels," he says.

“想象一下，你在用老式方法拍攝一部電影，你的影像和聲音分別是在兩條不同的軌道上，”他說(shuō)。

When a person relives their traumatic memory they experience both channels. Propranolol helps target one channel - the emotional aspect of memory - inhibiting its reconsolidation and suppressing its pain.

當(dāng)一個(gè)人回憶自己的創(chuàng)傷經(jīng)歷時(shí)，是會(huì)再次重歷兩條軌道的。普萘洛爾幫助鎖定其中一條——就是記憶當(dāng)中的情感部分——抑制它的再固化，壓制它的痛楚。

A memory recalled under the influence of the medication will then be "saved" by the brain in its new, less emotional version.

在這種藥物作用下，記憶將會(huì)以一種感情色彩相對(duì)不強(qiáng)烈的新版本重新“儲(chǔ)存”在大腦里。

His research suggests about 70% of patients found relief within a few sessions of reconsolidation therapy.

他的研究顯示，大約70%的病人在幾次再固化治療之后會(huì)找到解脫。

His Montreal-based lab is currently recruiting about 60 people who have suffered infidelity or some other form of deception in a relationship for a new reconsolidation therapy study.

他位于蒙特利爾的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，目前正召集了大約60人進(jìn)行一種新的記憶再固化治療研究，他們都是在愛情關(guān)系中被背叛或者受到其他方式的欺騙。

Dr Brunet is also hopeful the scope of reconsolidation therapy can be expanded further, used to treat phobias, addiction, complicated grief.

布魯內(nèi)醫(yī)生還希望，記憶再固化治療的視野能夠再一次擴(kuò)大，用于研究恐懼癥、成癮癥以及復(fù)雜的憂郁情緒問(wèn)題等等。

"Any type of distress which emanates from an emotional event," he says.

他說(shuō)，希望這種療法可以用于“任何一種由一起情緒激烈的事件引發(fā)的苦惱”。