美國(guó)宇航局的新聞地圖證實(shí)，地球正在變得更綠

美國(guó)宇航局的新聞地圖證實(shí)，地球正在變得更綠

Earth has continued to grow green since the turn of the century and this could help moderate global warming, according to new maps released by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA). High levels of carbon dioxide increased photosynthesis, according to authors of a review paper published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment.

根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)發(fā)布的新地圖，自世紀(jì)之交以來(lái)，地球一直在持續(xù)變綠，這可能有助于緩和全球變暖。發(fā)表在《自然評(píng)論地球與環(huán)境》雜志上的一篇評(píng)論文章稱(chēng)，高濃度的二氧化碳增加了光合作用。

An updated map (above) released by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) showed how greenness increased between 2000 and 2018 globally. The areas where greenness increased were marked in green and areas where it decreased were marked in brown.

美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)發(fā)布的最新地圖(上圖)顯示了2000年至2018年全球范圍內(nèi)的綠化情況。綠色增加的區(qū)域用綠色標(biāo)記，綠色減少的區(qū)域用棕色標(biāo)記。

NASA had in February 2019 established that earth was greener than it was in the 1980s. It had computed the data using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites.

NASA在2019年2月確定，地球比上世紀(jì)80年代更環(huán)保。它利用NASA的Terra和Aqua衛(wèi)星上的中分辨率成像光譜儀計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)。

The map showed the trend in the "leaf area index"— the amount of leaf area relative to ground area — during the growing season. The second map (below) showed the predicted change in the growing season's "leaf area index" from 2081-2100 relative to 1981-2000. It showed how green cover might look like in the future.

這張圖顯示了“葉面積指數(shù)”的趨勢(shì)——葉面積相對(duì)于地面面積的數(shù)量——在生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)。第二張圖(下圖)顯示了生長(zhǎng)季“葉面積指數(shù)”在2081-2100年相對(duì)于1981-2000年的預(yù)測(cè)變化。它展示了綠色植被在未來(lái)的樣子。

A significant increase in green cover in boreal and Arctic regions was observed in the new maps, which researchers attributed to rising temperatures. For example, Svalbard in the high-Arctic saw a 30 per cent increase in greenness, according to Rama Nemani of NASA’s Ames Research Center and co-author of review paper. The green cover grew with an increase in mean summer temperature from to 4.7° Celsius from 2.9° Celsius (37.2° to 40.5° Fahrenheit) between 1986 and 2015.

在新的地圖中，北極和北極地區(qū)的綠色植被顯著增加，研究人員將其歸因于氣溫上升。例如，據(jù)美國(guó)宇航局埃姆斯研究中心(Ames Research Center)的拉瑪·內(nèi)馬尼(Rama Nemani)稱(chēng)，北極高地區(qū)的斯瓦爾巴特群島(Svalbard)的綠化面積增加了30%。內(nèi)馬尼是這篇綜述論文的作者之一。從1986年到2015年，夏季平均氣溫從2.9攝氏度(37.2攝氏度到40.5華氏度)增加到4.7攝氏度，綠色植被也隨之增長(zhǎng)。

Authors of the paper reviewed more than 250 published articles and found that the global greening was due to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Interestingly, this phenomenon made earth cooler; as vegetation consumed carbon dioxide, it performed evapotranspiration. According to scientists, global greening since the early 1980s may have reduced global warming by as much as 0.2° to 0.25° Celsius.

這篇論文的作者回顧了250多篇已發(fā)表的文章，發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變綠是由于大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加。有趣的是，這種現(xiàn)象使地球變冷;由于植物消耗了二氧化碳，因此產(chǎn)生了蒸散作用。據(jù)科學(xué)家稱(chēng)，自上世紀(jì)80年代初以來(lái)，全球變暖的程度可能已經(jīng)降低了0.2到0.25攝氏度。

It is ironic that the very same carbon emissions responsible for harmful changes to climate are also fertilising plant growth, which in turn is somewhat moderating global warming,” said Jarle Bjerke of the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research and co-author of the paper.

挪威自然研究所的Jarle Bjerke是這篇論文的合著者，他說(shuō):“具有諷刺意味的是，造成氣候有害變化的碳排放同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了植物生長(zhǎng)，從而在一定程度上減緩了全球變暖。”

Shilong Piao of Peking University, and lead author of the paper, said:This greening and associated cooling is beneficial, but reducing carbon emissions is still needed in order to sustain the habitability of our planet."

這篇論文的第一作者、北京大學(xué)的裴石龍說(shuō):“這種綠化和相關(guān)的降溫是有益的，但是為了維持我們星球的宜居性，減少碳排放仍然是需要的。”