無(wú)法停止 背后的心理因素

Whether you’re waiting for a train, a friend or the kettle to boil, the likelihood is that you’ll kill those brief moments by mindlessly scrolling or swiping across your phone screen.

不管你是在等一輛列車，一個(gè)朋友，或是等壺里的水燒開(kāi)，你很有可能都會(huì)用盲目地滾動(dòng)手機(jī)屏幕來(lái)打發(fā)那些短暫的時(shí)間。

And as soon as your phone pings or buzzes, do you immediately check it to see what exciting form of attention you’ve just been paid? Does it annoy you when you’re in a meeting, feel your phone vibrate in your pocket, but know you can’t check it?

而且只要你的手機(jī)一響或振動(dòng)，你是不是會(huì)馬上拿起手機(jī)，看看有什么令人興奮的消息?每當(dāng)你在開(kāi)會(huì)，感覺(jué)到口袋里的手機(jī)在振動(dòng)，又無(wú)法察看時(shí)，是不是心癢難耐?

It’s a compulsive urge that many of us find hard to resist.

這種強(qiáng)烈的渴望我們很多人都難以抗拒。

But according to Sharon Begley, author of Can't Just Stop: An Investigation of Compulsions, there’s a psychological reason behind this.

但是，根據(jù)莎朗·貝格利關(guān)于沖動(dòng)性的調(diào)查研究—《無(wú)法停止》顯示，這背后有心理因素在影響。

Research from the 50s seemed to suggest that because dopamine is pleasurable, it’s pleasure to which people become addicted. But now we know better.

五十年代的研究表明，多巴胺讓人愉悅，所以也令人上癮。如今我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多。

“What's emerged in the last few years is that the dopamine circuitry actually predicts how much you will like something and how much pleasure it will give you. Then it calculates how much reality corresponds to the prediction or falls short.

過(guò)去幾年出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)是，多巴胺回路其實(shí)能預(yù)測(cè)出你有多喜歡某事，以及你能從中獲得多少愉悅感。而且它能測(cè)度出現(xiàn)實(shí)在多大程度上符合了你的期望。

“The emerging idea seems to be that when reality falls short, we feel a dopamine plunge. That feels bad, so we keep trying to do something that will make reality live up to expectations. That, to me, fits in with compulsions because these things we're doing really aren't that pleasurable. Rather, it's the dopamine fuel, pleasure, and reward circuit that's making us feel bad.”

“這個(gè)新興的觀點(diǎn)似乎表明當(dāng)現(xiàn)實(shí)達(dá)不到期望時(shí)，我們會(huì)感到多巴胺驟減。那種感覺(jué)太糟了，所以我們會(huì)持續(xù)做事來(lái)讓現(xiàn)實(shí)不辜負(fù)期望。我認(rèn)為這個(gè)過(guò)程正好符合沖動(dòng)的心理，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)谧龅氖虑榈拇_不太快樂(lè)。相反，正是激活快感的多巴胺獎(jiǎng)賞回路讓我們郁悶。”

So what we get addicted to is not the actual rush of, say the comment you just received on your latest Instagram, but rather the anticipation of it - most of the time, actually reading that comment doesn’t live up to our expectations.

所以讓我們上癮的并不是實(shí)際會(huì)很快被滿足的事，比如你在Instagram上收到的最新回復(fù)，而是我們對(duì)它的迫切渴望——大多時(shí)候，閱讀別人的回復(fù)并不能滿足我們的期望。

According to Begley, this means “we feel driven and compelled to keep trying, like one of these days it's going to feel great. If it never does, then you're in this essentially infinite dopamine loop.”

貝格利認(rèn)為這意味著“我們感到被吸引和被迫去持續(xù)地做一件事，仿佛總有一天我們能享受這個(gè)過(guò)程。但如果那天遲遲未到，你就會(huì)陷入無(wú)限的多巴胺循環(huán)之中”。

“When he feels inferior for whatever reason - perhaps because he's comparing his inauguration crowds to the Women's March crowds - that seems to spur some anxiety in him, and it might compel his tweeting. He may alleviate his anxiety 140 characters at a time.”

“當(dāng)他感覺(jué)低人一等——或許是他把他的就職典禮參會(huì)人數(shù)和三八婦女節(jié)做了對(duì)比——那可能會(huì)激發(fā)他的焦慮，從而迫使他發(fā)推特。發(fā)完140個(gè)字的推特后，他可能馬上就能減輕這種感覺(jué)。”