研究:永久性染發(fā)劑與乳腺癌風(fēng)險增加有關(guān)

研究:永久性染發(fā)劑與乳腺癌風(fēng)險增加有關(guān)

A new study conducted by government scientists has found that women who use permanent hair dye and chemical straighteners may be at an increased risk of developing breast cancer than those who don’t use such products.

一項由政府科學(xué)家進行的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用永久性染發(fā)劑和化學(xué)拉直器的女性可能比不使用此類產(chǎn)品的女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險更高。

“Researchers have been studying the possible link between hair dye and cancer for a long time, but results have been inconsistent,” Alexandra White, Ph.D., a study author and head of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Environment and Cancer Epidemiology Group, said in a press release. “In our study, we see a higher breast cancer risk associated with hair dye use and the effect is stronger in African American women, particularly those who are frequent users.”

該項研究的作者、美國國家環(huán)境衛(wèi)生科學(xué)研究所(NIEHS)環(huán)境與癌癥流行病學(xué)小組負責(zé)人Alexandra White博士在一份新聞稿中說:“研究人員長期以來一直在研究染發(fā)劑與癌癥之間可能存在的聯(lián)系，但結(jié)果并不一致。”“在我們的研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)使用染發(fā)劑會增加患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險，而且這種影響在非裔美國女性中更為明顯，尤其是那些經(jīng)常使用染發(fā)劑的女性。”

The data, which was collected from 46,709 women who participated in the Sister Study, found that women who regularly used permanent hair dye the year prior to enrolling in the study were 9 percent more likely than those who didn’t to develop breast cancer. Among African-American women, those who reported using permanent dyes every five to eight weeks in the year prior had a 60 percent increased risk of developing the disease compared with an 8 percent increased risk for white women.

這些數(shù)據(jù)收集自參與姐妹研究的46,709名女性，發(fā)現(xiàn)在研究前一年經(jīng)常使用永久性染發(fā)劑的女性比沒有使用的女性患乳腺癌的幾率高9%。在非裔美國女性中，那些在前一年每五到八周使用一次永久性染料的女性患此病的風(fēng)險增加了60%，而白人女性的患病風(fēng)險僅增加了8%。

It was not clear why there was such a disparity between the two ethnicities. However, when taking into account the risk associated with using chemical hair straightening the products, the gap narrowed. Researchers said those who used such products at least every five to eight weeks were about 30 percent more likely to develop breast cancer, but that African American women were more likely to use the products on a regular basis than the white participants.

目前還不清楚這兩個種族之間為什么會有如此大的差異。然而，考慮到使用化學(xué)頭發(fā)拉直產(chǎn)品的風(fēng)險，這一差距縮小了。研究人員稱，那些至少每五到八周使用一次這種產(chǎn)品的人，患乳腺癌的幾率要高出30%，但與白人相比，非洲裔美國女性更有可能經(jīng)常使用這種產(chǎn)品。

Although the numbers may seem alarming, researchers said the study was not an indication that such products should be banned or pulled from the market, just one more thing for women to be aware of.

盡管這些數(shù)字似乎令人擔(dān)憂，但研究人員表示，這項研究并不是要禁止或從市場上撤下這類產(chǎn)品，只是讓女性多注意一件事。

“We are exposed to many things that could potentially contribute to breast cancer and it is unlikely that any single factor explains a woman’s risk,” Dale Sandler, Ph.D., study co-author and chief of the NIEHS Epidemiology Branch, said in the press release. “While it is too early to make a firm recommendation, avoiding these chemicals might be one more thing women can do to reduce their risk of breast cancer.”

研究報告的撰寫者之一、NIEHS流行病學(xué)部門負責(zé)人戴爾·桑德勒博士在新聞發(fā)布會上說:“我們接觸到許多可能導(dǎo)致乳腺癌的因素，但不太可能有任何單一因素能解釋女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險。”“雖然現(xiàn)在給出確切的建議還為時過早，但避免使用這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能是女性降低患乳腺癌風(fēng)險的又一種方法。”

Weight, diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, exposure to estrogen, oral contraceptive use and stress and anxiety have all been identified as risk factors for breast cancer that a patient can control, according to BreastCancer.org. However, there are several which cannot be eliminated, such as gender, age, family history, personal history race, radiation therapy to the chest, breast cellular changes, exposure to estrogen, pregnancy and breastfeeding and exposure to diethylstilbestrol, a medication used to prevent miscarriage in the 1940s through the 1960s.

根據(jù)BreastCancer.org網(wǎng)站的調(diào)查，體重、飲食、鍛煉、飲酒、吸煙、接觸雌激素、口服避孕藥、壓力和焦慮都被認為是乳腺癌患者可以控制的風(fēng)險因素。然而，有幾個因素是無法消除的，如性別、年齡、家族史、個人歷史、種族、胸部放射治療、乳腺細胞變化、雌激素、妊娠和哺乳、以及20世紀(jì)40年代至60年代用于防止流產(chǎn)的藥物己烯雌酚。

An average of 1 in 8 women in the United States or 12 percent go on to develop breast cancer over the course of a lifetime, with those who have inherited the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation at a higher risk.

在美國，平均每8名女性中就有1名或12%的人在一生中患上乳腺癌，而那些遺傳了BRCA1或BRCA2基因突變的女性患上乳腺癌的風(fēng)險更高。