培養(yǎng)聰明孩子的關(guān)鍵是什么?

培養(yǎng)聰明孩子的關(guān)鍵是什么?

We all want to raise smart, successful kids, so it's tempting to play Mozart for our babies and run math drills for kindergartners. After all, we need to give them a head start while they're still little sponges, right?

我們都想培養(yǎng)聰明、成功的孩子，所以給我們的孩子放莫扎特，給幼兒園的孩子做數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)，這些都很誘人。畢竟，我們需要在他們還小的時(shí)候就給他們一個(gè)好的開始，對(duì)嗎?

"It doesn't quite work that way," says Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, a professor of psychology at Temple University and co-author of Becoming Brilliant: What Science Tells Us About Raising Successful Children with Roberta Golinkoff. She's been studying childhood development for almost 40 years.

坦普爾大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授凱西·赫什-帕塞克說：“事情并不是這樣的。”她與羅伯塔·戈林科夫合著有《變得輝煌：科學(xué)告訴我們?nèi)绾闻囵B(yǎng)成功的孩子》一書。她研究?jī)和l(fā)展已經(jīng)將近40年了。

NPR Education reporters and Life Kit hosts Anya Kamenetz and Cory Turner talk with Hirsh-Pasek about the "six C's" that kids need to succeed — collaboration, communication, content, critical thinking, creative innovation and confidence — and why raising brilliant kids starts with redefining brilliant.

美國國家公共廣播電臺(tái)教育記者和生活工具箱節(jié)目主持人安雅·卡米涅茨和科里·特納與赫什-帕塞克討論了孩子們成功所需要的“六個(gè)C”——合作、交流、內(nèi)容、批判性思維、創(chuàng)造性革新和自信——以及為什么培養(yǎng)聰明的孩子要從重新定義聰明開始。

This interview was edited for length and clarity.

這篇采訪在篇幅和清晰度方面都經(jīng)過了編輯。

Cory Turner: This is your golden opportunity to speak directly to all of these overzealous, anxious parents. And full disclosure, I have been one of them at times. Every parent is. So explain to us why we need to cool our jets.

科里·特納:這是你直接與這些過分熱情、焦慮的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的黃金機(jī)會(huì)。坦白地說，我有時(shí)也是他們中的一員。每一位父母都是。所以請(qǐng)為我們解釋為什么我們需要冷靜下來。

Kathy Hirsh-Pasek: Cool your jets because it's healthier for your child. Let's look at what counts as success. Give me your take on these two definitions:

凱西·赫什-帕塞克:冷靜下來，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)你的孩子更健康。讓我們來看看影響成功的因素是什么。請(qǐng)給出你對(duì)這兩個(gè)定義的理解:

One is your child's success is to be a good reader, a good writer and really good at math. We'll call that the traditional view.

一是你的孩子的成功在于成為一個(gè)好的讀者，一個(gè)好的作家，一個(gè)真正擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)的人。我們稱之為傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)。

Two is what I call the 21st century view of success: a happy, healthy, caring, child who grows up to be a collaborative person, a creative innovator, a thinking person and a social person, while also being a good citizen.

二是我所說的21世紀(jì)的成功觀:一個(gè)快樂、健康、有愛心的孩子，他長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)成為一個(gè)合作的人，一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的創(chuàng)新者，一個(gè)有思想的人，一個(gè)善于社交的人，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)好公民。

Turner: Oh, I'll take door No. 2.

特納:哦，我要第二種成功觀點(diǎn)。

Hirsh-Pasek: OK, the question then becomes how do you get there?

赫什-帕塞克: 好的，那么問題就變成了你如何到達(dá)第二種成功?

Pushing down the kind of math, reading and writing skills to younger and younger ages ain't gonna give you No. 2 because you're not building a full, whole child human being.

把數(shù)學(xué)、閱讀和寫作技能強(qiáng)加給越來越小的孩子是不會(huì)讓你達(dá)到第二種成功的，因?yàn)槟氵€沒有塑造一個(gè)全面的、完整的兒童。

The science says that the human brain was actually built to endure wonderful, long-term relationships. One of my friends says it's a "socially gated brain."

科學(xué)表明，人類的大腦實(shí)際上是用來維持美好的長(zhǎng)期關(guān)系的。我的一個(gè)朋友說它是一個(gè)“社交門控大腦”。

Anya Kamenetz: Socially gated, what does that mean?

安雅·卡米涅茨：社交門控是什么意思?

Hirsh-Pasek: Everything goes through the social. Everything we learn starts with collaboration and relationships. When you think of it, we aren't born ready to hop out of the womb and into the world. We have a lot of learning to do, and the learning is social.

赫什-帕塞克:一切都要經(jīng)過社交。我們所學(xué)的一切都始于合作和關(guān)系。當(dāng)你想到這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們并不是天生就準(zhǔn)備好跳出子宮進(jìn)入世界。我們有很多東西要學(xué)，而學(xué)習(xí)是社會(huì)性的。

Raising Brilliant Kids — With Research To Back You Up

培養(yǎng)聰明的孩子——有研究支持

Turner: You talk a lot about your six C's. The fundamentals [of] what every kid needs to thrive. The first of the six, the most fundamental, is collaboration.

特納:你說了很多關(guān)于你的六個(gè)C。這是每個(gè)孩子成長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。六個(gè)C當(dāng)中，最重要的是合作。

Hirsh-Pasek: It is indeed.

赫什-帕塞克:的確是。

Turner: Why?

特納:為什么？

Hirsh-Pasek: Well, if it's really the case that we have this socially gated brain, and if we learn everything through relationships, or at least everything starts through relationships, I think collaboration is the most foundational piece of little humans trying to become bigger humans.

赫什-帕塞克:如果我們真的有這種社交門控的大腦，如果我們通過人際關(guān)系來學(xué)習(xí)一切，或者至少一切都是從人際關(guān)系開始的，我認(rèn)為合作是小人物想要成為大人物的最基本的部分。