國(guó)際空間站網(wǎng)速升級(jí)

國(guó)際空間站經(jīng)過最新的升級(jí)后，現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)速比我們大多數(shù)人的都好

In the digital age, connectivity and bandwidth are important, even if you're in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). And when you're performing research and experiments that could help pave the way for future missions to the Moon, to Mars, and other deep-space destinations, it's especially important.

在數(shù)字時(shí)代，連接性和帶寬是很重要的，即使你在近地軌道(LEO)。當(dāng)你進(jìn)行研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)，為將來的月球、火星和其他深空任務(wù)鋪平道路時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)尤為重要。

Hence why NASA recently upgraded the ISS' connection, effectively doubling the rate at which it can send and receive data.

因此，為什么美國(guó)宇航局最近升級(jí)了國(guó)際空間站的連接，地使其發(fā)送和接收有效數(shù)據(jù)的速率翻倍。

Whether it's missions in LEO or all the way in the outer Solar System, quick and effective communications are absolutely essential to ensure that critical mission data gets to control centers and scientists back on Earth.

無論是在獅子座執(zhí)行任務(wù)還是在外太陽系執(zhí)行任務(wù)，快速有效的通信，對(duì)于確保關(guān)鍵任務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)傳回控制中心和地球上的科學(xué)家來說都是至關(guān)重要的。

With its new connection, the ISS now has a 600 megabit-per-second (Mbps) connection, doubling the amount of data the station can transmit and receive at any given time.

有了新的連接，國(guó)際空間站現(xiàn)在的傳播速度為每秒600兆比特(Mbps)，使空間站可以在任何給定時(shí)間發(fā)送和接收的數(shù)據(jù)量翻倍。

These upgrades will also help pave the way for similar upgrades that will be made to NASA's proposed Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway (aka. Lunar Gateway). As George Morrow, the acting center director of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, said:

這些升級(jí)也將有助于為類似的升級(jí)鋪平道路，這些升級(jí)將在美國(guó)宇航局提出的月球軌道平臺(tái)網(wǎng)關(guān)(aka 月球網(wǎng)關(guān))上進(jìn)行。正如美國(guó)宇航局戈達(dá)德航天飛行中心代理中心主任喬治·莫羅所說：

"NASA's communications networks play a pivotal role in every NASA mission, enabling data from human spaceflight, space and Earth science research missions and technological demonstrations to reach Earth for the benefit of humanity. This increase in data rate capability for the International Space Station underlines our commitment to provide high-quality operational services for NASA exploration missions today and in the future."

“美國(guó)航天局的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)在每一次美國(guó)航天局任務(wù)中都發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，使來自人類航天、空間和地球科學(xué)研究任務(wù)和技術(shù)演示的數(shù)據(jù)能夠惠及地球，造福人類。國(guó)際空間站的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率能力的提高，突顯了我們致力于為當(dāng)今和未來的NASA探測(cè)任務(wù)提供高質(zhì)量的運(yùn)行服務(wù)。”

Since it commenced operations in 2000, the ISS has provided astronauts and scientists with a unique environment to conduct research that would not otherwise be possible on Earth. This research provides insight into the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body and other organisms and allows for technology to be tested in microgravity.

自2000年開始運(yùn)作以來，國(guó)際空間站為宇航員和科學(xué)家提供了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的環(huán)境來進(jìn)行在地球上不可能進(jìn)行的研究。這項(xiàng)研究為長(zhǎng)期太空飛行對(duì)人體和其他生物體的影響提供了深入的了解，并允許在微重力條件下進(jìn)行技術(shù)測(cè)試。

These experiments and technology demonstrations rely on high rates of data transfer between the station and researchers on Earth. With the recent upgrade, the station will be able to accommodate new experiments and technology demonstrations that require more detailed and higher-resolution data than was possible before.

這些實(shí)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)演示依賴于空間站和地球上的研究人員之間高速率的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。隨著最近的升級(jí)，空間站將能夠容納新的實(shí)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)演示，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)演示需要比以前更詳細(xì)和更高分辨率的數(shù)據(jù)。

As Risha George, the upgrade project lead for the Space Network, explained:

正如空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)升級(jí)項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人Risha George所解釋的那樣：

"This project demonstrated that advanced radio frequency waveforms can be used efficiently to increase data rates and improve performance for high-rate communication services. Operational use of these advanced waveforms proves that they can also be used for future missions, such as on the Gateway, a small spaceship that will orbit the Moon and provide a stepping stone to human exploration on Mars."

“該項(xiàng)目表明，先進(jìn)的射頻波形可以有效地用于提高數(shù)據(jù)速率和提高高速通信服務(wù)的性能。這些先進(jìn)波形的實(shí)際應(yīng)用證明，它們也可用于未來的任務(wù)，例如在網(wǎng)關(guān)上，一艘環(huán)繞月球運(yùn)行的小型宇宙飛船，為人類在火星上的探索提供了一塊踏腳石。”

Data is communicated between the ISS and Earth using a series of ground-based antennas called the Space Network and a system of Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS).

國(guó)際空間站和地球之間的數(shù)據(jù)通信使用一系列地面天線稱為空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)和跟蹤和數(shù)據(jù)中繼衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(TDRS)。

These satellites are placed in a high orbit over various strategic locations so they can relay data to the ground, which is then sent to various NASA centers using landlines where it is interpreted. The entire process has a delay of less than a second.

這些衛(wèi)星被放置在不同戰(zhàn)略位置的高軌道上，這樣它們就可以將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)降孛?，然后通過地面線路將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到美國(guó)宇航局的各個(gè)中心，并在那里進(jìn)行解釋。整個(gè)過程的延遲小于一秒鐘。

To accomodate the increased data rate, several components in this global communications system have been upgraded as well. This includes a new digital ground architecture for the Space Network and upgrades to the circuits and bandwidth in the terrestrial data lines between the various Earth-based components.

為了適應(yīng)不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)速率，該全球通信系統(tǒng)中的幾個(gè)組件也進(jìn)行了升級(jí)。這包括一種新的空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)字地面結(jié)構(gòu)，以及對(duì)各種地面組件之間的地面數(shù)據(jù)線電路和帶寬的升級(jí)。Upgrades were also made to the ISS software-based modem, improved data-processors were installed at various NASA centers, as well as new software and hardware at the ground stations. Technicians then performed extensive testing to ensure the upgrades worked correctly. Meanwhile, the network was still providing real-time support to the more than 40 missions

國(guó)際空間站基于軟件的調(diào)制解調(diào)器也進(jìn)行了升級(jí)，改進(jìn)的數(shù)據(jù)處理器安裝在美國(guó)宇航局的各個(gè)中心，新的軟件和硬件安裝在地面站。然后，技術(shù)人員進(jìn)行了廣泛的測(cè)試，以確保升級(jí)工作正常進(jìn)行。與此同時(shí)，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)仍在為40多項(xiàng)任務(wù)提供實(shí)時(shí)支持

According to Penny Roberts, the upgrade project lead for the space station, this was made possible thanks to cooperation with the administration.

根據(jù)空間站升級(jí)項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人彭妮·羅伯茨的說法，這是由于與政府部門的合作才得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

"Partnerships like this are crucial to our continued success as an agency," she said. "Our continued partnership will transition us to 600 Mbps, and who knows where else we will go together."

她說：“像這樣的伙伴關(guān)系對(duì)我們作為一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的持續(xù)成功至關(guān)重要。我們的持續(xù)合作關(guān)系將使我們網(wǎng)速達(dá)到600 Mbps，誰知道我們還會(huì)合作到哪里。”