聯(lián)合國氣候報告:人類必須改變營養(yǎng)習慣和土地利用

聯(lián)合國氣候報告:人類必須改變營養(yǎng)習慣和土地利用

We must eat less meat and more plant-based food, as well as immediately change the way we manage land and produce food in order to limit global warming, UN scientists warned in a major report released Thursday.

聯(lián)合國科學家在周四發(fā)布的一份重要報告中警告說，我們必須少吃肉，多吃植物性食品，并立即改變我們管理土地和生產(chǎn)食品的方式，以限制全球變暖。

The report by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change examines how global warming and land interact in a vicious cycle that makes food more expensive, scarcer and even less nutritious.

聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會的這份報告，研究了全球變暖和土地如何在一個惡性循環(huán)中相互作用，使糧食變得更貴、更稀缺，甚至更缺乏營養(yǎng)。

“We humans affect more than 70 percent of ice-free land, (and) a quarter of this land is degraded,” said Valérie Masson-Delmotte, co-chair of the IPCC, according to CNN.

據(jù)CNN報道，IPCC聯(lián)合主席瓦萊麗·馬森-德爾莫特說：“我們?nèi)祟愑绊懥?0%以上的無冰土地，其中四分之一的土地退化了。”

“The way we produce food and what we eat contributes to the loss of natural ecosystems and declining biodiversity,” she added.

她補充說:“我們生產(chǎn)食物的方式和我們吃的東西，導致了自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的喪失和生物多樣性的下降。”

The 1,000-page report comes almost a year after the panel concluded that we only have until 2030 to drastically reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and prevent the globe from reaching the crucial threshold of 34.7 degrees Fahrenheit above pre-industrial levels.

這份長達1000頁的報告發(fā)表近一年前，該委員會得出結(jié)論，我們只有到2030年才能大幅降低對化石燃料的依賴，防止全球氣溫達到比工業(yè)化前水平高出34.7華氏度的關(guān)鍵臨界值。

“When land is degraded, it reduces the soil’s ability to take up carbon and this exacerbates climate change. In turn, climate change exacerbates land degradation in many different ways,” Masson-Delmotte said.

“當土地退化時，它會降低土壤吸收碳的能力，這會加劇氣候變化。反過來，氣候變化以許多不同的方式加劇了土地退化，”馬森·德爾莫特說。

She added: “Today 500 million people live in areas that experience desertification.”

她補充說：“今天有5億人生活在沙漠化地區(qū)。”

Agriculture and its supply lines account for as much as 37 percent of all man-made emissions, according to the report, and current industrialized production and global food chains contribute to widespread food inequality.

報告稱，農(nóng)業(yè)及其供應(yīng)鏈占所有人為排放量的37%，目前的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)和全球食品鏈導致了廣泛的糧食不平等。

While there are currently 2 billion overweight or obese adults, 820 million people still don’t get enough calories, the report said.

報告稱，盡管目前有20億超重或肥胖的成年人，但仍有8.2億人沒有獲得足夠的卡路里。

“There’s a wide range of food systems that rely on meat, and many people rely on meat for protein,” Cynthia Rosenzweig, a NASA climatologist and report author, told Agence France-Presse. “But we do need to develop low greenhouse gas meat-producing systems.”

美國國家航空航天局氣候?qū)W家、報告作者辛西婭·羅森茨威格表示：“有很多食品系統(tǒng)都依賴肉類，很多人依賴肉類獲取蛋白質(zhì)。”“但我們確實需要開發(fā)低溫室氣體的肉類生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。”

Although the report stopped short of explicitly advocating that people become vegetarians, it called for sweeping changes to farming and eating habits to limit the impact of population growth and changing consumption patterns on stretched land and water resources.

盡管報告沒有明確提倡人們成為素食主義者，但它呼吁徹底改變農(nóng)業(yè)和飲食習慣，以限制人口增長和改變消費模式對土地和水資源的影響。

“The IPCC does not recommend people’s diets … Dietary choices are very often shaped or influenced by local production practices and cultural habits,” Jim Skea, one of the report’s authors, told reporters in Geneva on Thursday.

“IPCC并不推薦人們的飲食……飲食選擇經(jīng)常受到當?shù)厣a(chǎn)習慣和文化習慣的影響，”該報告的作者之一吉姆·斯凱周四在日內(nèi)瓦對記者表示。

“There are certain kinds of diets that have a lower carbon footprint and put less pressure on land,” added Skea, a professor at London’s Imperial College, Reuters reported.

據(jù)路透社報道，倫敦帝國理工學院教授斯凱補充說：“有一些飲食方式碳足跡較低，對土地的壓力也較小。”

Food waste and meat consumption are major contributors to global warming — with food waste producing between 8 percent and 10 percent and livestock 14.5 percent of global emissions, according to the World Wildlife Fund, CNN reported.

據(jù)美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)報道，世界野生動物基金會(World Wildlife Fund)稱，食品垃圾和肉類消費是全球變暖的主要原因，其中食品垃圾占全球排放量的8%至10%，牲畜占全球排放量的14.5%。

According to the report, between 25 percent and 30 percent of all food produced is never eaten. Plant-based foods and sustainable animal-sourced food could free up millions of square miles of land by 2050, the IPCC said.

根據(jù)這份報告，25%到30%的食物是浪費的。IPCC表示，到2050年，植物性食品和可持續(xù)的動物性食品可以解放數(shù)百萬平方英里的土地。

The report also said deforestation is making the world hotter and hungrier. Although the report doesn’t pinpoint any country, scientists, when asked, pointed a finger at Brazil’s recent stepped-up deforestation of the Amazon.

報告還說，森林砍伐使世界變得更加炎熱和饑餓。盡管這份報告沒有指出任何國家，但當被問到這個問題時，科學家們把矛頭指向了巴西最近對亞馬遜雨林的加速砍伐。

“It contradicts all the messages that are coming out of the report,” said Hans-Otto Portner, a panel leader from Germany.

來自德國的專家組組長漢斯·奧托·波特納(HansOttoPortner)說：“這與報告中傳達的所有信息相矛盾。”

But the report offered a sobering take on the hope that reforestation and biofuel plans alone can counteract mankind’s environmental damage, stressing that reducing emissions will be vital to averting disaster.

但這份報告讓人清醒地看到，僅靠植樹造林和生物燃料計劃，就能抵消人類對環(huán)境的破壞。報告強調(diào)，減排對于避免災難至關(guān)重要。