科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)巨大的古老星系隱藏在我們的視野中

科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)巨大的古老星系隱藏在我們的視野中

If you don't want to be found, the universe is a good place to hide.

如果你不想被發(fā)現(xiàn)，宇宙是一個(gè)隱藏的好地方。

But as prying Earthling eyes scan the heavens, could entire galaxies remain on the lam?

但是，當(dāng)好奇的地球人的眼睛掃視天空時(shí)，整個(gè)星系是否還在運(yùn)行?

According to research published in the journal Nature, they've been hiding from us for eons.

根據(jù)發(fā)表在《自然》(Nature)雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究，它們已經(jīng)對(duì)我們隱藏了上億年。

Ancient galaxies from the study are visible to ALMA (right) but not to Hubble (left). (Photo: Wang et al)

Ancient, secret galaxies, they say, have always been among us. We just had to look for them from a different perspective.

他們說(shuō)，古老而神秘的星系一直就在我們身邊。我們只需要從不同的角度來(lái)尋找它們。

For scientists at the University of Tokyo, that perspective came from stepping away from our faithful eye in the sky — the Hubble Space Telescope — and using an innovative combination of modern observatories to squint at the stars.

對(duì)于東京大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們來(lái)說(shuō)，這種觀點(diǎn)來(lái)自于遠(yuǎn)離我們?cè)谔炜罩兄覍?shí)的眼睛——哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡——并使用現(xiàn)代天文臺(tái)的創(chuàng)新組合來(lái)瞇著眼睛看星星。

And suddenly, there are 39 shiny new galaxies — all hiding in plain sight, and all offering fresh clues to solve the longstanding mysteries of dark matter and black holes.

突然間，39個(gè)閃亮的新星系出現(xiàn)了——它們都隱藏在我們的視野之中，所有這些都為解開(kāi)暗物質(zhì)和黑洞的長(zhǎng)期之謎提供了新的線索。

Not only do these new galaxies represent vast new tracts of the universe for us to ponder, they may also offer key insight into how the universe evolved. For one thing, since they're not exactly the new kids on the block — but likely existed when the universe itself was still young — they've had billions of years to sprawl across space.

這些新星系不僅代表了宇宙中廣闊的新領(lǐng)域，值得我們?nèi)ニ伎迹鼈冞€可能為我們了解宇宙是如何演化的提供關(guān)鍵線索。首先，由于它們并不完全是新出現(xiàn)的孩子——但很可能在宇宙本身還年輕的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)存在了——它們有數(shù)十億年的時(shí)間可以在太空中蔓延。

And where there are massive galaxies, there are supermassive black holes — and all the dark matter trimmings we can sink our scientific teeth into.

哪里有巨大的星系，哪里就有超大質(zhì)量的黑洞——以及所有我們可以用科學(xué)的牙齒咬進(jìn)去的暗物質(zhì)碎片。

Since its launch in 1990, Hubble has given us an unprecedented view of the cosmos. But it's not without its blindspots. (Photo: NASA)

To reveal these galaxies, researchers had to step away from Hubble, an optical telescope that can only respond to visual cues.

為了揭示這些星系，研究人員不得不遠(yuǎn)離哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡，這是一架只能對(duì)視覺(jué)信號(hào)做出反應(yīng)的光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡。

"The light from these galaxies is very faint with long wavelengths invisible to our eyes and undetectable by Hubble," Kohno notes.

Kohno指出:“這些星系發(fā)出的光線非常微弱，我們的眼睛看不見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)波，哈勃無(wú)法探測(cè)到。”

Instead, researchers collected data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, a space-based observatory that sees space in infrared. In all, Spitzer sniffed out 63 objects that we never knew were there. Researchers winnowed down their findings with the Chile-based Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (mercifully shortened to ALMA).

相反，研究人員從NASA的斯皮策太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡上收集數(shù)據(jù)。斯皮策總共探測(cè)出63個(gè)我們從未知曉存在的物體。研究人員用基于辣椒的Atacama大毫米/亞毫米陣列(幸運(yùn)的是縮寫(xiě)為ALMA)篩選了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

But the best is likely yet to come, as NASA prepares the James Webb Space Telescope, described as "the biggest, most powerful telescope ever to be put in space."

但最好的可能還會(huì)到來(lái)，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)宇航局正在準(zhǔn)備詹姆斯韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡，描述為“有史以來(lái)最大、最強(qiáng)大的太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡。”

Set for a March 2021 launch, this landmark bundle of technology will leave even fewer stones unturned in the universe.

這一具有里程碑意義的技術(shù)組合將于2021年3月發(fā)射，屆時(shí)宇宙中未開(kāi)發(fā)的石頭將會(huì)更少。

Fugitive galaxies, consider yourselves on notice.

轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的星系，請(qǐng)注意。