吃酸奶來對抗感冒?

吃酸奶來對抗感冒?

This winter, there's a good chance you might be looking for anything and everything to rid yourself of an annoying, lingering and sometimes debilitating cold.

今年冬天，你很有可能正在尋找任何東西來擺脫惱人的、揮之不去的、有時會使人虛弱的感冒。

You may want to add yogurt to your list of cold-fighting remedies.

你可能想把酸奶添加到你的治療感冒的清單中。

"When it comes to yogurt specifically, I'd say there's not a lot of research that we can point to that indicates yogurt reduces symptoms of a cold," said Mickey Rubin, vice president of nutrition research for the National Dairy Council. That being said, "There are some things (in yogurt) we can point to that, in theory, would be beneficial."

美國國家乳制品委員會(National Dairy Council)負(fù)責(zé)營養(yǎng)研究的副主席米基·魯賓(Mickey Rubin)說:“具體到酸奶，我想說的是，沒有多少研究表明酸奶能減輕感冒癥狀。”也就是說，“(酸奶)中有一些東西我們可以指出，理論上是有益的。”

For example, yogurt is full of probiotics, which can help boost the immune system, according to Kristi L. King, a senior registered dietitian at Texas Children's Hospital and a national spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

例如，德克薩斯兒童醫(yī)院(Texas Children’s Hospital)高級注冊營養(yǎng)師、營養(yǎng)與飲食學(xué)會(Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics)全國發(fā)言人克里斯蒂·l·金(Kristi L. King)說，酸奶富含益生菌，可以幫助增強免疫系統(tǒng)。

Studies that have looked at probiotics have found promising results in terms of reducing the duration and incidence of colds. However, specific benefits can only be attributed to the actual strains studied -- which do not necessarily exist in regular, non-supplemented yogurt, according to Rubin. For example, conventional yogurt contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus -- two cultures that are integral to the yogurt making process, and as such are known as "starter cultures." While these are beneficial bacteria, they are not necessarily the same probiotics that have been studied in clinical trials, according to Rubin.

對益生菌的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，益生菌在減少感冒持續(xù)時間和發(fā)病率方面有很好的效果。然而，魯賓表示，具體的好處只能歸因于研究的實際菌株，而普通的、不添加任何添加劑的酸奶中不一定存在這種菌株。例如，傳統(tǒng)酸奶含有保加利亞乳桿菌和嗜熱鏈球菌——這兩種培養(yǎng)物是酸奶制作過程中不可或缺的，因此被稱為“發(fā)酵劑”。魯賓說，雖然這些都是有益的細(xì)菌，但它們不一定與臨床試驗中研究的益生菌相同。

"We know yogurt is a nutritious food choice and we know probiotics are beneficial to health, so including them in an overall healthy eating plan makes sense, but recommending them specifically for the common cold would be premature," said Rubin.

魯賓說:“我們知道酸奶是一種營養(yǎng)豐富的食品，我們也知道益生菌對健康有益，所以把它們納入全面的健康飲食計劃是有道理的，但專門針對普通感冒推薦它們還為時過早。”

Yogurt also contains another immune booster: zinc. Research indicates that zinc can reduce the duration of cold symptoms, but the amounts of zinc needed for benefits -- at least 75 milligrams -- is much higher than the 2 milligrams present in an 8-ounce cup of yogurt.

酸奶還含有另一種增強免疫力的物質(zhì):鋅。研究表明，鋅可以縮短感冒癥狀的持續(xù)時間，但鋅的含量——至少75毫克——遠遠高于一杯8盎司的酸奶所含的2毫克。

Carbohydrates in yogurt provide energy, which are important in helping you recover from a cold, according to King. And one recent study, funded by the National Dairy Council, found that when women consumed yogurt every day for nine weeks, they had reduced inflammatory markers in their blood -- findings that suggest a mechanism by which yogurt might be helpful in fighting off cold symptoms.

金說，酸奶中的碳水化合物提供能量，這對幫助你從感冒中恢復(fù)很重要。最近一項由美國國家乳制品委員會(National Dairy Council)資助的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在連續(xù)9周的時間里，女性每天飲用酸奶時，血液中的炎癥指標(biāo)有所降低——這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，酸奶可能有助于對抗感冒癥狀。

"The common cold and its symptoms are an inflammatory response to the bug ... such that if yogurt or other foods reduced inflammation, it could in theory be beneficial -- but we need more research to know for sure," said Rubin.

“普通感冒及其癥狀是對這種病毒的炎癥反應(yīng)……因此，如果酸奶或其他食物能減少炎癥，理論上是有益的——但我們需要更多的研究來確定這一點，”魯賓說。