世界移動(dòng)通信大會(huì)聚焦5G前景

Barcelona in late February is a hunting ground for pickpockets, for it is there that members of the telecoms industry annually convene to show off their latest wares, some of which still have yet to be announced.

2月底的巴塞羅那是小偷的獵場(chǎng)，因?yàn)殡娦判袠I(yè)人士在這里召開(kāi)年度會(huì)議，展示它們的最新產(chǎn)品，其中一些迄今仍未對(duì)外宣布。

About 100,000 people will attend Mobile World Congress this year. Delegates will come from all sectors of the industry, including makers of the base stations that transmit phone signals, producers of the mobile devices that receive them and developers who make the apps that phones depend on.

今年的世界移動(dòng)通信大會(huì)(Mobile World Congress)預(yù)計(jì)將有10萬(wàn)人參加。代表們來(lái)自通信行業(yè)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，包括手機(jī)信號(hào)基站的建造商、移動(dòng)設(shè)備的制造商以及手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序的開(kāi)發(fā)商。

High on the industry agenda is 5G, a network technology that aims to make data communication speeds significantly faster than its predecessor, 4G. Mats Granryd, director-general of the industry body GSMA, which organises the conference, says: “We will move away from being vague on the prospects of 5G this year to concrete proposals.”

行業(yè)議程上的一個(gè)重要議題是5G，這是一種旨在讓數(shù)據(jù)通訊速度遠(yuǎn)超4G的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)。主辦此次大會(huì)的行業(yè)組織——全球移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)協(xié)會(huì)(GSMA)的總干事馬茨•格蘭呂德(Mats Granryd)表示：“今年我們將不再對(duì)5G前景模糊不清，而是會(huì)有具體的建議。”

There could be up to 200 launches of so-called 5G-lite by carriers this year as they prepare for its arrival in 2019.

今年運(yùn)營(yíng)商可能發(fā)布多達(dá)200個(gè)所謂的準(zhǔn)5G產(chǎn)品，為2019年5G的最終來(lái)臨做準(zhǔn)備。

The coming of a faster network has been hailed as a possible boost for the telecoms sector, with Asian, US and European governments vying to take a lead in the new technology.

更快速網(wǎng)絡(luò)的來(lái)臨被認(rèn)為有望提振電信行業(yè)，目前亞洲、美國(guó)和歐洲各國(guó)政府都想在這種新技術(shù)上占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位。

A survey from UK telecoms company O2 predicts national 5G coverage would directly contribute an additional £7bn a year to Britain’s economy by 2026 and that the economic impact will be felt almost twice as quickly as that of fibre broadband, first tested by BT in 2009.

英國(guó)電信公司O2在一項(xiàng)調(diào)查報(bào)告中預(yù)測(cè)，到2026年，全國(guó)性的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋每年將會(huì)直接讓英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模額外增加70億英鎊，而且5G技術(shù)產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)影響的速度將幾乎是光纖寬帶的兩倍——英國(guó)電信(BT)在2009年首次試驗(yàn)了光纖寬帶。

Network equipment makers at Mobile World Congress will try to deliver on the promise of a fully digital and constantly connected society. But the utopian vision of 5G has led some to question whether it will deliver all the services and economic benefits being promised, particularly as squeezed telecoms companies are as yet unwilling to stump up the projected funds to build the networks. These could cost €56bn in Europe alone.

出席世界移動(dòng)通信大會(huì)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備制造商們將努力兌現(xiàn)“打造完全數(shù)字化、時(shí)時(shí)互聯(lián)的社會(huì)”的承諾。但5G的烏托邦色彩使得一些人質(zhì)疑它能否帶來(lái)承諾的所有服務(wù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，何況陷入困境的電信公司迄今仍不愿撥出預(yù)估的資金來(lái)建造網(wǎng)絡(luò)。僅在歐洲，建造這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成本就高達(dá)560億歐元。

One analyst quipped in the conference run-up that no network technology has been so talked about so early in the cycle. “That might be because there isn’t much else to talk about,” he says.

一位分析師在大會(huì)前夕諷刺地說(shuō)道，沒(méi)有哪種網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在這么早的階段受到如此熱議。他說(shuō)：“這可能是因?yàn)閯e的沒(méi)有什么可說(shuō)的。”

Nokia will get in on the 5G act as the network equipment maker vies with Ericsson and Huawei to win orders for the new technology. However, the Nokia brand will also return to the consumer smartphone market for the first time in three and the half years since Microsoft bought its handset business.

諾基亞(Nokia)將尋求在5G領(lǐng)域分一杯羹，這家網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備制造商與愛(ài)立信(Ericsson)和華為(Huawei)展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，爭(zhēng)奪新技術(shù)的訂單。然而，諾基亞品牌也將重回消費(fèi)者智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)，這將是自3年半前微軟(Microsoft)收購(gòu)其手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)以來(lái)的首次。

Some are confident the new Android-based range — made by Finnish company HMD — will become a force to reckon with. New BlackBerry devices, made under licence by third parties, will also come to market, despite the Canadian company signalling it would exit the sector last year. Others think Samsung’s woes with its exploding Galaxy Note 7 last year could let them in. Hopefuls include second-tier makers LG with its G6, and Huawei with its P10.

一些人確信，諾基亞基于安卓操作系統(tǒng)的新產(chǎn)品——由芬蘭公司HMD制造——將不容小覷。授權(quán)第三方制造的新黑莓(BlackBerry)設(shè)備也將投放市場(chǎng)，盡管這家加拿大公司去年暗示將退出這一領(lǐng)域。其他人認(rèn)為，三星(Samsung)去年旗下產(chǎn)品Galaxy Note 7頻繁爆炸問(wèn)題可能給了它們機(jī)會(huì)。有希望取得成功的公司包括推出G6的二線制造商LG以及推出P10的華為。

Such products could attract hungry buyers. Professional services group Accenture, which surveyed 26,000 consumers worldwide, found 54 per cent planned to buy a new smartphone this year, with especially high numbers of possible customers in India and China.

這些產(chǎn)品可能吸引饑渴的買(mǎi)家。專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù)集團(tuán)埃森哲(Accenture)對(duì)全世界的2.6萬(wàn)名消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)54%的消費(fèi)者今年計(jì)劃購(gòu)買(mǎi)新的智能手機(jī)，印度和中國(guó)的潛在消費(fèi)者尤其多。

That is welcome news for a market in which growth in 2016 slowed to 5 per cent from the 14 per cent posted a year before, according to research company Gartner. It also puts pressure on device makers to swim against the tide of what CCS Insight analyst Ben Wood calls the “sea of sameness”. As the Android software operating system underpins 82 per cent of smartphones sold, differentiation is difficult.

這在市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)放緩之際是個(gè)可喜的好消息——高德納(Gartner)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)2016年增長(zhǎng)率從前一年的14%放緩至5%。這也給設(shè)備制造商們帶來(lái)壓力，它們要在CCS Insight分析師本•伍德(Ben Wood)所稱(chēng)的“雷同之海”中逆流前進(jìn)。由于市面上銷(xiāo)售的83%智能手機(jī)是安卓操作系統(tǒng)支持的，實(shí)現(xiàn)差異化非常困難。

David Sovie, global managing director for Accenture’s electronics and high-tech business unit, says features such as voice control should help sales. “Growing acceptance of services powered by artificial intelligence, such as voice assistants, is also fuelling this market upswing,” he says.

埃森哲(Accenture)電子和高科技業(yè)務(wù)部全球總經(jīng)理大衛(wèi)•蘇維(David Sovie)表示，語(yǔ)音控制等功能應(yīng)有助于銷(xiāo)售。他說(shuō)：“語(yǔ)音助理等采用人工智能技術(shù)的服務(wù)越來(lái)越獲認(rèn)可，也讓這個(gè)市場(chǎng)更加興旺。”

The coming of 5G is likely to be the dominant conference talking point, even though the reality for many people around the world is that such a debate masks a daily struggle to get any sort of connection at all. Telecoms companies have started to discuss solutions, such as flying drones, or helikites, being deployed in remote areas of developed countries to deliver mobile broadband to spots land-based masts cannot reach.

5G的來(lái)臨可能成為此次大會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題，不過(guò)實(shí)際上對(duì)于世界上的許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，這種討論掩蓋了他們?nèi)粘ｋy以獲得任何一種連接的問(wèn)題。電信公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始討論解決方案，例如在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)部署無(wú)人機(jī)或氦風(fēng)箏(helikites)，將移動(dòng)寬帶傳送到無(wú)法修建陸地信號(hào)塔的地方。

It is yet to be seen whether those people who object to brutalist mobile phone masts spoiling the countryside will welcome War of the Worlds-style drones, or if the promise of blanket coverage will be enough to keep complainers quiet.

有些人反對(duì)修建手機(jī)信號(hào)塔，認(rèn)為這種粗野建筑會(huì)破壞鄉(xiāng)村面貌，這些人是否會(huì)歡迎《世界大戰(zhàn)》(War of the Worlds)式的無(wú)人機(jī)，或者地毯式覆蓋的承諾是否足以讓那些抱怨的人閉嘴，還都有待觀察。

The problem is more acute in the developing world, where connecting the unconnected remains a perennial difficulty. Facebook’s plans to deliver broadband across Africa suffered a setback last year when the SpaceX rocket carrying its $200m satellite exploded on the launch pad. The failure showed that delivering the latest in telecoms infrastructure is both expensive and tricky.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題在發(fā)展中國(guó)家更嚴(yán)峻，在這些地區(qū)，“讓無(wú)法連接上網(wǎng)的人都能連接上網(wǎng)”仍是長(zhǎng)期難題。去年SpaceX一枚載著價(jià)值2億美元衛(wèi)星的火箭在發(fā)射臺(tái)爆炸，令Facebook向整個(gè)非洲提供寬帶的計(jì)劃遇挫。這一失敗表明，發(fā)展最新的電信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是一件成本高昂且棘手的工作。

Paul Lee, head of technology, media and telecommunications research at professional services provider Deloitte, says: “The world is getting more connected, but there are still billions to connect. Mobile connections are approaching the 5bn mark. So there are still over 2bn to go. There are also varying degrees of quality of connectivity. There are some 200 carriers yet to launch 4G services, but we are likely to see some operators launch 5G services this year.”

德勤(Deloitte)的技術(shù)、媒體與電信研究主管保羅•李(Paul Lee)說(shuō)：“世界正變得更加互連，但仍有數(shù)十億人還無(wú)法連接。移動(dòng)連接已接近50億大關(guān)，因此還有20多億人仍未實(shí)現(xiàn)連接。而且連接質(zhì)量存在差異。目前大約還有200家運(yùn)營(yíng)商尚未推出4G服務(wù)，可我們今年就會(huì)看到一些運(yùn)營(yíng)商推出5G服務(wù)。”

This is not just a problem in remote places. More than 1m UK homes and businesses have what are deemed to be slow broadband access speeds, while 4G coverage is patchy even in cities. According to data from OpenSignal, a wireless company, the UK, once a pioneer in the mobile industry, now ranks 54th in global rankings of 4G coverage. “There is massive variation in mobile speed,” says Deloitte’s Mr Lee.

這不僅是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)才會(huì)有的問(wèn)題。超過(guò)100萬(wàn)英國(guó)家庭和企業(yè)的寬帶接入速度被認(rèn)為是緩慢的，而4G覆蓋即使在城市也分布不均。根據(jù)無(wú)線公司OpenSignal的數(shù)據(jù)，作為移動(dòng)行業(yè)曾經(jīng)的先驅(qū)，英國(guó)如今在全球4G覆蓋排名中名列第54位。保羅•李說(shuō)：“移動(dòng)上網(wǎng)速度有著巨大差異。”

The GSMA’s Mr Granryd argues that pushing mobile data to more places is the “nuclear reactor” for improving people’s lives. The demand for portable “electronic money” so people can use phones to withdraw or transfer funds, for instance, has strongly taken hold in emerging markets where many have not had access to traditional banks. These have caught up with contactless wave-and-pay technologies available to bank card and phone users in countries such as the US and UK. There are about 500m mobile money users across 93 countries, mostly in Africa and Asia.

格蘭呂德認(rèn)為，將移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)推廣到更多地方是改善人們生活的“核反應(yīng)堆”。例如，對(duì)便攜式“電子貨幣”的需求在新興市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)根深蒂固，人們用手機(jī)就能取錢(qián)或轉(zhuǎn)賬，而在新興市場(chǎng)許多人不使用傳統(tǒng)銀行的服務(wù)。這些支付技術(shù)已經(jīng)趕上了美英等國(guó)銀行卡或手機(jī)用戶所使用的非接觸式感應(yīng)支付(wave-and-pay)技術(shù)。全球大約有5億名移動(dòng)貨幣(mobile money)用戶，分布在93個(gè)國(guó)家，主要是非洲和亞洲的國(guó)家。

Christophe Uzureau, vice-president of banking and investment services at Gartner, says mobile finance has evolved rapidly. Different models have emerged but the most advanced, such as Alibaba’s Alipay in China, have added benefits, like assisting Chinese tourists with the processing of international payments. This evolution goes hand-in-hand with improved connectivity.

高德納銀行和投資服務(wù)副總裁克里斯托夫•烏聚羅(Christophe Uzureau)表示，移動(dòng)金融發(fā)展迅速。如今已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了多種不同的模式，而最先進(jìn)的模式帶來(lái)了諸多好處——例如中國(guó)阿里巴巴(Alibaba)的支付寶(Alipay)——比如協(xié)助中國(guó)游客處理國(guó)際支付。這種進(jìn)步與連接性的提高緊密相連。

The advent of 5G could accelerate development of digital services. But the GSMA says the industry also has to focus on the provision of more relevant local content if mobile is to blossom. As Mr Granryd points out, only 0.1 per cent of India’s web pages are in Hindi while more than 400m people speak the language. Hauling up masts alone will not be enough to make 5G a global success.

5G問(wèn)世將可加快數(shù)字化服務(wù)的發(fā)展。但GSMA表示要使移動(dòng)技術(shù)興旺發(fā)展，該行業(yè)還必須致力于提供更接地氣的本地內(nèi)容。正如格蘭呂德指出的，印度只有0.1%的網(wǎng)頁(yè)使用印地語(yǔ)，而當(dāng)?shù)爻^(guò)4億人講這種語(yǔ)言。只建信號(hào)塔不足以讓5G在全球取得成功。