英語(yǔ)名人堂：瑪麗·居里

瑪麗·居里(Marie Sk?odowska Curie，1867-1934年)世稱“居里夫人”，全名：瑪麗亞·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里。 法國(guó)著名波蘭裔科學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家、化學(xué)家。1867年11月7日生于華沙。

1903年，居里夫婦和貝克勒爾由于對(duì)放射性的研究而共同獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng) [1] ，1911年，因發(fā)現(xiàn)元素釙和鐳再次獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)[2] ，成為歷史上第一個(gè)兩獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的人。居里夫人的成就包括開(kāi)創(chuàng)了放射性理論、發(fā)明分離放射性同位素技術(shù)、發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種新元素釙和鐳。在她的指導(dǎo)下，人們第一次將放射性同位素用于治療癌癥。由于長(zhǎng)期接觸放射性物質(zhì)，居里夫人于1934年7月3日因惡性白血病逝世。[3]

Marie Curie was born in 1867. She is one of the greatest scientists ever to have lived. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity and discovered the chemical elements radium and polonium. Curie is the only person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in two different sciences. Other achievements include being the first female professor at the University of Paris.

Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland. Her father was a maths and physics teacher and was a big influence on Marie’s early education. From an early age Marie was an exceptional student with an amazing memory. She often went without food and sleep to study. Her brilliant mind led her to Paris to study and conduct her research.

She met her future husband Pierre Curie at the university. He considered Marie to be a genius and instantly wanted to work with her. They got married and spent most of their time together in their laboratory studying radioactive materials. Their research led to the discovery of radium, for which they were honoured with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.

Pierre was killed in 1906 and Marie was devastated and extremely lonely. She threw herself even deeper into her work and won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. She spent the 1920s raising funds for more research into radium. In 1934 she died from a condition caused by decades of exposure to radiation. No one knew how deadly radium was until years later.