GRE閱讀長難句問題：復(fù)雜修飾和插入語

　　1、The physicist rightly dreads precise argument,since an argument that is　convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on　which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.

　　物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無誤的論據(jù)不無道理，因?yàn)槟撤N只有在它是精確無誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化，便會失去它一部的作用;而與此相反，一個(gè)盡管并不精確無誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(shè)(underlying assumption)稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　解釋：本句在文章中就是一個(gè)自然段，雖然長度比不上前面第一章中所舉的那個(gè)長達(dá)10行的例子，但是難度絕不在那句話之下。本句堪稱句子的大雜燴，連主句帶從句居然一共有八個(gè)。從大往小說，由whereas連接了兩個(gè)大句子，whereas后面的句子中的主語an augument之后又跟了一個(gè)定語從句that is convincing though imprecise, 修飾augument.whereas前面共有六個(gè)句子，由the physicist作主語的主句;由since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，修飾since從句中主語an augument的由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此定語從句中的條件狀語從句only if it is precise; since從句中的條件狀語從句if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修飾此從句中的主語assumptions的定語從句on which it is based一共八個(gè)句子，從句套從句，實(shí)在令人嘆為觀止。

　　然而，在考試現(xiàn)場去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目，是只有呆子才會干的事，讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復(fù)閱讀這句話，什么時(shí)候練到不必去想其語法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂，才算初步掌握;再進(jìn)一步把它讀順，直到你看不出這個(gè)句子有什么特別的地方，看上去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.

　　2、 Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.

　　可能這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來的大小的水藻，這樣一個(gè)忽視了更小的浮游生物(而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法，導(dǎo)致了在接下來的研究中對于捕食者的作用的貶低。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

　　解釋：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)繁雜。句子的主語令人吃驚地長，在最后一個(gè)逗號后的led以前，全是主語!其實(shí)句子的主干簡單，就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers.但是本句的主語the fact后面的修飾成分長得嚇人，先是個(gè)定語從句;定語從句中又套了一個(gè)定語從句。然后逗號后面的a practice引導(dǎo)的部分是前面的主語的同位語兼任插入語，practice后面的修飾它的一大堆東西又是定語從句套著定語從句。本句是典型的層層修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.