GRE閱讀考試長難句實例分析13

　　1. Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie　have used the documents to extract case　histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudesinclude，but are not　　confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law)and have revealedhow the authorities administered justice. (3+

　　難句類型：復雜修飾、插入語

　　譯文：象勒羅伊。拉迪里(Le Roy Ladurie)一類的史學家利用這些文獻史料從中挖掘出某些個案史(casehistory)來，闡明了不同社會群體的態(tài)度(這些態(tài)度包括，但并非局限于，對犯罪和法律的態(tài)度)，并揭示出當局是如何執(zhí)行審判的。

　　解釋：逗號以后的內容都是修飾逗號以前的case history的。在which引導的非限定性定語從句中有一個插入語(these attitudees includee， but are not confined to， attitudees toward crime and thelaw)，我們可以看到這個插入語中又套了一個插入語but not confined to.

　　意群訓練：Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie　have used the documents to extract case　histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudesinclude，but are not　　confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law)and have revealedhow the authorities administered justice.

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime ratesper thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates inanother decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information aboutwhich of the following? (5)

　　難句類型：復雜修飾

　　譯文：從文章中可以推斷出來，一個希望比較十五世紀以前一個十年的某個歐洲城市中的每千人的犯罪率與另外一個十年中的犯罪率的歷史學家將會被以下那種信息的提高所最好的幫助?

　　解釋：句首的it是形式主語，其具體內容是從that開始到句子結束的全部內容。That從句中，主語ahistoryian之后修飾它的超長的定語從句是這個句子難以讀懂的原因。Compare crime rates with crimerates中間被修飾第一個crime rates的兩個修飾成分perthousand in a European city in one decade ofthe fifteenth century分隔得很遠。在with之后的第二個crime rates后面，省略了與前面重復的perthousand in a European city.

　　意群訓練：It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to comparecrime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crimerates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better informationabout which of the following?