GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句翻譯1

　　1. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from humanmorphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation tohuman behavior? (5)

　　以下哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最有可能為文章中所談到的與人類行為有關(guān)的“人類行為細(xì)節(jié)”相對(duì)“人類所受限制”之間的差異，從人類形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個(gè)合適的類比?

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞

　　解釋：本句子在所有GRE或GMAT閱讀題的題干中是最難讀懂的題干之一。本句不但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且用詞抽象，使得讀者如果想根據(jù)語(yǔ)義來(lái)搞清楚誰(shuí)修飾誰(shuí)，也變得極為困難。分析如下：本句的主干是Which of thefollowing provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction? Versus是一個(gè)介詞，等于against,即體育比賽中的VS。其他的所有成分均是一些修飾成分。其中一個(gè)對(duì)答題最重要的限制條件是from human morphology,　說(shuō)明這種類比的比較雙方所比的必須是人類形態(tài)上的特征。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy fromhuman morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage inrelation to human behavior?

　　2. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,butdid not prove, that the grazers　had removed most of the algae. (3+)

　　在存在大量食草動(dòng)物的同時(shí)卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊，這暗示出——但沒(méi)能證明——食草動(dòng)物已吞噬了大部分水藻。

　　難句類型：插入語(yǔ)

　　解釋：本句主語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)，而且謂語(yǔ)suggested與that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句間被插入語(yǔ)but did not prove隔開(kāi)，造成閱讀障礙。當(dāng)suggest與but did not prove連在一起使用的時(shí)候，其意思不是建議，而是指一種基于主觀臆測(cè)的推理，中文翻譯成“暗示”。其英文釋義為：to call to mind by though or association theexplosion suggested sabotage。GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中，常用suggest,but do not prove來(lái)描述一種沒(méi)有真憑實(shí)據(jù)、可能有問(wèn)題的理論，然后在后面的敘述中把它否定掉。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazerssuggested，but did not prove, that the grazers　had removed most of the algae.

　　3. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could becollected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton(nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasisof the role of grazers in subsequent research. (5)

　　可能這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來(lái)的大小的水藻，這樣一個(gè)忽視了更小的浮游生物(而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法，導(dǎo)致了在接下來(lái)的研究中對(duì)于捕食者的作用的貶低。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)

　　解釋：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)繁雜。句子的主語(yǔ)令人吃驚地長(zhǎng)，在最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后的led以前，全是主語(yǔ)!其實(shí)句子的主干簡(jiǎn)單，就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers.但是本句的主語(yǔ)the fact后面的修飾成分長(zhǎng)得嚇人，先是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;定語(yǔ)從句中又套了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。然后逗號(hào)后面的a practice引導(dǎo)的部分是前面的主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)兼任插入語(yǔ)，practice后面的修飾它的一大堆東西又是定語(yǔ)從句套著定語(yǔ)從句。本句是典型的層層修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a sizethat could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a pratice that overlooked the smaller thatwe now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers insubsequent research.