1、長成分
1)長從句做主語、賓語及其他成分,a、主語從句 b、賓語從句
2)長狀語
3)層層修飾
4)并列成分
2、常見倒裝搭配
(1)及物動詞加介詞:固定詞組的固定搭配中,經常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況,如:bring A to B,寫作:bring to B A
例:Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one ofthe most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
類似的情況:throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for, advocate as 等
(2)及物動詞加副詞
例:make possible …(單詞或者句子)
3、省略的幾種情況
(1)重復的成分
(2)讓步轉折的省略:如although (but)
(3)定語從句引導詞的省略which(that )
(4)定語從句的引導詞和系動詞同時省略,變成后置定語
如:qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、 短語被分割
如:such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定
如:Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between ecognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .
6、難句分析舉例
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[語法難點]本句是典型的非限定性定語從句,難點在其主語和賓語都有較長的短語和of結構限定,并且分句是由兩個and相連的3個部分組成的。分句an element…landowners 又帶有兩個定語從句,一個是(which was)representing…,另一個是(which was)detached…可見,定語從句的難點在于經常省略“引導詞+be”的結構,從而在理解上容易和分詞結構相混淆。
[句子翻譯] 對資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個階級的數(shù)量和重要性。這個階層作為國計民生的一部分,代表了非個人責任的財富與土地及土地所有者應盡義務的分離,而且也幾乎與責任管理相分離。
新GRE考試中,長難句出現(xiàn)頻率最高是在GRE閱讀中,新GRE閱讀長難句需要大家理解上下文,不要跟結構相混淆,新GRE閱讀考試側重考查考生的邏輯推斷能力,所以新版GRE閱讀考試長難句理解的基礎上一定要分清句子結構,這樣才能做好GRE長難句。