我們接著做練習(xí)3,他光著腳走進(jìn)屋子里。(是同時(shí)發(fā)生)
主要的行為是“走進(jìn)屋子里”,而“光著腳”次要行為,∴要先翻譯“走進(jìn)屋子里”。主要的行為和次要行為都是He發(fā)出的,暫時(shí)只把次要行為寫出,別計(jì)較整個(gè)句子的對(duì)錯(cuò):
He walked into the room was barefooted. ×
∵主要的行為和次要行為之間沒(méi)有<連接詞>,就把was變成“(being)”:
------------------------------(being)barefooted. √
關(guān)于barefooted有一個(gè)重要概念:
bare是“赤裸裸的”,foot是“腳”。它把表示身體的這種部位之<名詞>作<形容詞>用時(shí),有一個(gè)特征:加上ed而像<過(guò)去分詞>的樣子。也就是說(shuō):用[<形容詞>+身體的這種部位之<名詞>+ed],構(gòu)成一種特殊的<過(guò)去分詞>。類似地例子:
那個(gè)大眼睛的女孩子是我妹妹呀! That bigeyeed girl is my sister.
那個(gè)三個(gè)腦袋的男孩子是我弟弟呀!That three-headed man is my brother.
那個(gè)傷心的男孩子離開(kāi)了! That broken-hearted man left.
練習(xí)4,他揮手向他道別。(是同時(shí)發(fā)生)
主要的行為是“向他道別”,而“揮手”次要行為,先譯“向他道別”,再譯“揮手”,之間暫用and連接:He said goodby to her and waved his hand.
去掉<連接詞>and、把<動(dòng)詞> waved改成waving:
---------------------------waving his hand.
練習(xí)5,他站在角落里唱著一首歌。/ 練習(xí)6,他靠在墻上看著天空。
He stood in the corners singing a song. √
He leaned against the wall looking up into the sky. √
注意:要用into不能用at。into表“能看透的”,因天空是空的,一直往里看;而at prep. 在 向 對(duì)——表“看不透的”。照鏡子:look into the mirror
第九個(gè)要點(diǎn):用<分詞結(jié)構(gòu)>簡(jiǎn)化<副詞從句>
用when當(dāng) / while當(dāng) / i f如果 / unless除非 / though雖然/ once一旦,這樣的<連接副詞>連接引導(dǎo)的<副詞從句>,如果<主語(yǔ)>和<主句>相同,也可以化簡(jiǎn)為<分詞結(jié)構(gòu)>。其方法跟沒(méi)有<連接詞>的兩個(gè)<單句>的化簡(jiǎn)是相同的:
[將相同的<主語(yǔ)>去掉/之后的<動(dòng)詞>變<現(xiàn)在分詞>/如果是<be動(dòng)詞>變成<being>,<being>也可省略掉;——didn’t→no!]。
1,——如果if句的化簡(jiǎn):
a,我要有空,就和你一塊去。
If I’m free I’ll go with you. √
If(being)free -------------. √
注意:If下通常只適于<be動(dòng)詞>。例如:
我要有錢,會(huì)買輛車子。
If I’have money I’ll buy a car. √
If having money I’ll buy a car. ×
b,要是受到適當(dāng)?shù)毓膭?lì),他會(huì)做這件事。
He’ll do it if he is properly encouraged.
-------------if(being)properly encouraged.
2,——當(dāng)when句的化簡(jiǎn):
在那個(gè)日子里,他不知道緊急狀況下怎樣應(yīng)急處理(運(yùn)作)時(shí),就請(qǐng)教父親。
On those days when he didn’t know how to process in a emergency he’ll consult his father. √
On those days when no knowing how to process in a emergency he’ll consult his father. √ didn’t→no
3,——除非unless句的化簡(jiǎn):
除非你另獲指示,否則必須按我說(shuō)的去做。
Unless you’re otherwise instructed you should do it as I say.√
------(being)----------------------------------------------.√
Unless的化簡(jiǎn)跟If一樣,其下通常只適于<be動(dòng)詞>。例如:
除非我有錢,否則什么都不買。
Unless I’have money I won’t buy anything. √
Unless having money I won’t buy anything. ×
4,——當(dāng)while句的化簡(jiǎn):
while I was here I had good time. √
-----(being)here -------------.√
while I stayed here I had good time.√
------- staying here -------------------.√
5,——雖然though句的化簡(jiǎn):
他雖然受傷的很重,一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)感到畏懼。 ——at all通常放在句尾
Though he was seriously injured he was at all daunt(ed). √
--------(being)------------------------------------------.√
6,——once一旦句的化簡(jiǎn):
once的化簡(jiǎn)跟If /Unless一樣,其下通常只適于<be動(dòng)詞>。
一旦我有空,我就讓你知道。
Once I’m a available I let you know. √
----(being)-----------------------.√
注意,available除了①,空閑的,還有②,現(xiàn)貨可以得到的 可供應(yīng)的
①,明天我下午有空。 I'll be available in the afternoon tomorrow. √
=I'll be free in the afternoon tomorrow. √
脫離職位不需要上班。 ~I(xiàn)'ll be off (duty) in the afternoon tomorrow. √
②,這種書你這兒有賣嗎?Do you have this book available?
你這種表有賣嗎? -------------- a kind of watch available?
第十——
再說(shuō):用[<形容詞>+身體的這種部位之<名詞>+ed],構(gòu)成一種特殊的<過(guò)去分詞>:
1, 他光著腳走進(jìn)屋子里。He walked into the room(being)barefooted.
2, 那個(gè)大眼睛的女孩子是我妹妹呀!That bigeyeed girl is my sister.
3, 那個(gè)三個(gè)腦袋的男孩子是我弟弟呀!That three-headed man is my brother.
4, 那個(gè)傷心的男孩子離開(kāi)了!That broken-hearted man left.
5, 你有沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)那邊那個(gè)紅頭發(fā)女孩?Do you see the redhaired girl there.
6, 獨(dú)腿的軍人是個(gè)英雄。The onelegged soldier was hero.
7, 雙頭蛇two-headed snak
8, 黑皮膚的家伙blackskined guy
有些<現(xiàn)在分詞>,可當(dāng)<介系詞>或<介詞>。要特別記住常用的幾個(gè)
1, 包括including/不包括 除了…之外excluding
2, 有鑒于 考慮 就……而論considering
3, 有關(guān)touching[=regarding=about或=on=concerning]
1,“包括including /不包括 除了…之外excluding”的例句:
大家都喜歡這部電影,不過(guò)約翰他不喜歡。
Every one like the movie excluding John. √<介詞>
Every one like the movie John exclude. ×<介詞>→<動(dòng)詞>。但無(wú)<連詞>
Every one like the movie John excluding. √<動(dòng)詞>→<現(xiàn)在分詞>。
Every one like the movie John including. √<動(dòng)詞>→<現(xiàn)在分詞>。
Every one like the movie exclusive of John.√<形容詞短語(yǔ)>。
Every one like the movie inclusive of John.√<形容詞短語(yǔ)>。
2,“有鑒于 考慮 就……而論considering”的例句:
鑒于他的表現(xiàn),他可以成為個(gè)很好的老師。
Considering his performance he can make a goo teacher √ ①
His performance is considered he can make a goo teacher. × ②
------------------(being)considered he can make a goo teacher. √ ③
①,使用了<介詞短語(yǔ)> “Considering his performance”來(lái)組句。√。
②,<介詞>Considering→<動(dòng)詞>is considered來(lái)組句,無(wú)<連詞>, ×。
③,用正確化簡(jiǎn)法化簡(jiǎn):保留了<主語(yǔ)>His performance /<be動(dòng)詞>→<現(xiàn)在分詞>(being),
3,“有關(guān)touching[=regarding=about或=on=concerning]”的例句:
他寫了一篇有關(guān)“環(huán)境污染”的文章。
He wrote a article touching a environment pollution.
重點(diǎn)單詞 關(guān)閉全部解釋
pollution[p?'lu:??n]
n. 污染,污染物
exclude[iks'klu:d]
vt. 除外,排除,拒絕
聯(lián)想記憶
performance[p?'f?:m?ns]
n. 表演,表現(xiàn); 履行,實(shí)行
n. 性能,本
聯(lián)想記憶
available[?'veil?bl]
adj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的,有效的
聯(lián)想記憶
exclusive[iks'klu:siv]
adj. 獨(dú)占的,唯一的,排外的
n. 獨(dú)家新
聯(lián)想記憶
daunt[d?:nt]
v. 使 ... 膽怯,恐嚇
聯(lián)想記憶
environment[in'vai?r?nm?nt]
n. 環(huán)境,外界
consult[k?n's?lt]
v. 商討,向 ... 請(qǐng)教,查閱