美文欣賞：真正會學習的人，都知道怎么偷懶
If you have read various articles on learning methods, you have probably heard of the so-called “10,000-Hour Rule”.
這是作家格拉德·威爾在《異類》一書中指出的定律。
This is the law that Malcolm Gladwell points out in his book Outliers.
它說的是：要成為某個領(lǐng)域的專家，需要10000小時的刻意練習。
The book indicates that it takes 10,000 hours of deliberate practice for you to become an expert in a certain field.
按比例計算就是：如果每天工作八個小時，一周工作五天，那你至少需要五年。
That means if you practice eight hours a day and five days a week, you need at least five years to master a skill.
這個定律現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被廣泛接受了。
This law has now been widely accepted.
它也成了不少教育類書籍里經(jīng)常提及的概念。
It has also become a concept often mentioned in many education books.
不少家長也在以這種方式指導自己的孩子，似乎覺得只要堆夠了時間就能有所成就。
Many parents are educating their children in this way. It seems that they feel their children can achieve success if they devote enough time into it.
但這種學習方法真的那么有用嗎?
But is this learning method really useful?
似乎并不是。
It seems not.
這個方法最大的問題，就是它會讓人產(chǎn)生畏難情緒。
The biggest problem with this method is that it can make people fear of difficulties.
從一開始就心生畏懼的話，之后就很難堅持。
It’s going to be hard to stick to one thing if you fear that you cannot do it from the very beginning.
而還有更多人根本就沒有開始。
And there are many people who haven’t taken the first step to practice.
一個無法開始的學習方式，能有多大用處呢?
How can it be helpful if you cannot even start doing it?
而且，練習的時間多就一定更有用嗎?
And is spending more time practicing really more helpful?
這一點也是不成立的。
This is also not true.
曾經(jīng)有個著名的小提琴家說過：如果你練習的是手指，你可以練一整天;但如果你練習的是大腦，你每天能練兩個小時就不錯了。
A famous violinist once said that if you are practicing fingers, you can practice all day long, but if you are practicing the brain, it’s good of you to practice two hours a day.
這也就是為什么學生回家之后都更愿意抄課文，而不是先寫數(shù)學作業(yè)。
This is why students are more willing to copy texts before solving math problems when they do their homework.
真正高手的練習，每次最多1到1.5小時，每天最多4到5小時。
The practice of real masters is up to 1 to 1.5 hours at a time and 4 to 5 hours a day.
如果你的練習可以持續(xù)超長時間，那你就該想想自己的練習方式是不是真的有用了。
If your practice for a longer time, then you should think about whether you practice in the right way.
其實這方面的正反對比也很常見，比如我們的中學時期。
In fact, we can think of a common example, such as our high school period.
每天在學校的時間超過了10個小時，但這些時間中有多少是真正有用的呢?
We spent more than 10 hours in school every day, but how many hours are we really learning?
所以說，我們真正該問的問題并不是“如何才能長時間高效學習”。
Thus the question we really need to ask is not “how to learn effectively for a long time?”
這個本來就是不現(xiàn)實的。
Because it was unrealistic.
真正懂得如何學習的人，都知道怎么偷懶。
People who truly know how to learn know how to save time doing it.
畢竟，學習不正是為了給自己盛事嗎?
After all, isn’t learning all about save yourself trouble?
愿意練習是好事，但是千萬不要用戰(zhàn)術(shù)上的勤奮去彌補戰(zhàn)略上的懶惰。
It is a good thing to be willing to practice, but do not use tactical diligence to make up for strategic laziness.
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