名人演講:A Lasting Peace Is in Sight 持久的和平指日可待[艾森豪威爾]

A Lasting Peace Is in Sight 持久的和平指日可待
—— Dwight David Eisenhower 德懷特·艾森豪威爾

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[00:02.67]Good evening

[00:03.32]my fellow Americans.

[00:05.63]First, I should like to

[00:06.54]express my gratitude to the radio

[00:08.37]and television networks

[00:11.15]for the opportunities

[00:12.08]they have given me

[00:13.11]over the years

[00:14.01]to bring reports and messages

[00:15.96]to our nation.

[00:17.88]My special thanks go to them

[00:19.37]for the opportunity

[00:20.75]of addressing you this evening.

[00:23.58]Three days from now

[00:25.20]after half century

[00:27.09]in the service of our country,

[00:29.06]I shall lay down the responsibilities

[00:31.11]of office as,

[00:32.98]in traditional and solemn ceremony

[00:35.78]the authority of the Presidency

[00:38.33]is vested in my successor.

[00:41.31]This evening, I come to you

[00:42.78]with a message

[00:43.54]of leave taking and farewell

[00:45.97]and to share

[00:47.24]a few final thoughts with you,

[00:49.36]my countrymen.

[00:53.43]Like every other

[00:55.40]Like every other citizen,

[00:56.72]I wish the new President

[00:58.01]and all who will labor with him

[00:59.74]Godspeed.

[01:01.10]I pray that the coming years

[01:02.64]will be blessed with peace and prosperity

[01:05.17]for all.

[01:07.40]Our people expect their President

[01:09.49]and the Congress

[01:10.51]to find essential agreement

[01:12.30]on issues of great moment

[01:14.49]the wise resolution of which

[01:16.02]will better shape the future

[01:18.50]of the nation.

[01:20.55]My own relations with the Congress,

[01:22.60]which began on a remote

[01:24.51]and tenuous basis

[01:26.16]when long ago,

[01:27.92]a member of the Senate

[01:29.36]appointed me to West Point,

[01:30.92]have since ranged

[01:32.82]to the intimate during the war

[01:34.71]and immediate postwar period

[01:37.24]and finally to the mutually interdependent

[01:41.19]during these past eight years.

[01:43.97]In this final relationship,

[01:45.80]the Congress and the Administration have,

[01:48.47]on most vital issues

[01:50.17]cooperated well,

[01:52.45]to serve the nation good

[01:54.58]rather than mere partisanship,

[01:56.77]and so have assured

[01:58.35]that the business of the nation

[01:59.85]should go forward.

[02:03.10]So, my official relationship

[02:04.52]with the Congress ends in a feeling

[02:06.58]on my part of gratitude

[02:09.32]that we have been able

[02:10.47]to do so much together.

[02:11.79]We now stand ten years

[02:16.46]past the midpoint of a century

[02:18.48]that has witnessed four major wars

[02:20.25]among great nations.

[02:22.68]Three of these involved our own country.

[02:25.77]Despite these holocausts,

[02:27.68]America is today the strongest

[02:30.67]the most influential

[02:32.56]and most productive nation

[02:34.06]in the world.

[02:36.02]Understandably proud of this preeminence

[02:39.17]we yet realize

[02:40.79]that America's leadership and prestige depend

[02:42.98]not merely upon

[02:45.16]our unmatched material progress

[02:47.31]riches, and military strength

[02:49.84]but on how we use our power

[02:52.49]in the interests

[02:53.75]of world peace and human betterment.

[02:57.69]Throughout America's adventure

[02:59.84]in free government

[03:01.47]our basic purposes

[03:02.93]have been to keep the peace

[03:04.56]to foster progress in human achievement

[03:07.05]and to enhance liberty

[03:08.92]dignity, and integrity

[03:10.89]among peoples and among nations.

[03:13.22]To strive for less would be unworthy

[03:15.31]of a free and religious people.

[03:18.04]Any failure traceable to arrogance

[03:20.98]or our lack of comprehension

[03:23.61]or readiness to saCRIfice

[03:26.50]would inflict upon us grievous hurt

[03:29.34]both at home and abroad.

[03:32.08]Progress toward these noble goals

[03:35.21]is persistently threatened

[03:36.67]by the conflict now engulfing the world.

[03:40.37]It commands our whole attention

[03:42.30]absorbs our very beings.

[03:44.72]We face a hostile ideology

[03:47.61]global in scope,

[03:49.10]atheistic in character

[03:50.77]ruthless in purpose

[03:52.68]and insidious in method.

[03:55.82]Unhappily, the danger it poses

[03:58.76]promises to be of indefinite duration.

[04:02.32]To meet it successfully

[04:04.50]there is called for

[04:06.12]not so much the emotional

[04:07.84]and transitory saCRIfices of CRIsis

[04:11.13]but rather those which enable us

[04:13.32]to carry forward steadily, surely

[04:15.65]and without complaint

[04:17.58]the burdens of a prolonged

[04:19.11]and complex struggle

[04:20.57]with liberty the stake.

[04:23.85]Only thus shall we remain,

[04:25.48]despite every provocation

[04:27.09]on our charted course

[04:29.17]toward permanent peace

[04:30.63]and human betterment.

[04:34.47]Crises there will continue to be.

[04:37.16]In meeting them,

[04:38.79]whether foreign or domestic,

[04:40.51]great or small,

[04:41.98]there is a recurring temptation

[04:44.20]to feel that some spectacular

[04:46.30]and costly action

[04:47.77]could become the miraculous solution

[04:49.75]to all current difficulties.

[04:51.77]A huge increase

[04:54.25]in newer elements of our defenses?

[04:56.59]development of unrealistic programs

[04:59.31]to cure every ill in agriculture?

[05:01.71]a dramatic expansion in basic

[05:04.65]and applied research

[05:06.22]these and many other possibilities,

[05:08.78]each possibly promising in itself,

[05:11.66]may be suggested as the only way

[05:14.09]to the road we wish to travel.

[05:17.17]But each proposal must be weighed

[05:19.24]in the light of a broader consideration:

[05:21.94]the need to maintain balance

[05:24.74]in and among national programs,

[05:28.30]balance between the private

[05:30.44]and the public economy,

[05:32.55]balance between the cost

[05:33.78]and hoped for advantages,

[05:36.69]balance between the clearly necessary

[05:39.02]and the comfortably desirable,

[05:41.60]balance between our essential requirements

[05:44.75]as a nation

[05:45.96]and the duties imposed

[05:47.44]by the nation upon the individual,

[05:49.76]balance between actions of the moment

[05:52.14]and the national welfare of the future.

[05:55.59]Good judgment seeks balance and progress.

[05:59.39]Lack of it eventually finds

[06:02.07]imbalance and frustration.

[06:05.43]The record of many decades stands

[06:07.15]as proof that our people

[06:08.87]and their Government have,

[06:09.79]in the main,

[06:10.93]understood these truths

[06:12.81]and have responded to them well,

[06:14.73]in the face of threat and stress.

[06:20.48]But threats,

[06:21.96]new in kind or degree,

[06:23.56]constantly arise.

[06:25.54]Of these, I mention two only.

[06:29.03]A vital element in keeping the peace

[06:31.62]is our military establishment.

[06:33.90]Our arms must be mighty,

[06:35.70]ready for instant action,

[06:37.79]so that no potential aggressor

[06:39.89]may be tempted to risk his own destruction.

[06:43.12]Our military organization today

[06:45.81]bears little relation to that known

[06:48.52]of any of my predecessors in peacetime,

[06:51.60]or, indeed, by the fighting men

[06:53.17]of World War II or Korea.

[06:56.15]Until the latest of our world conflicts,

[06:59.55]the United States

[07:00.87]had no armaments industry.

[07:03.90]American makers of plowshares could,

[07:06.98]with time and as required,

[07:09.06]make swords as well.

[07:12.01]But we can no longer

[07:13.02]risk emergency improvisation

[07:15.01]of national defense.

[07:17.39]We have been compelled

[07:18.68]to create a permanent armaments industry

[07:21.01]of vast proportions.

[07:23.49]Added to this, three and a half million

[07:25.82]men and women

[07:27.64]are directly engaged

[07:28.87]in the defense establishment.

[07:31.40]We annually spend on military security alone

[07:35.27]more than the net income

[07:37.14]of all United States corporations.

[07:41.28]Now this conjunction

[07:42.80]of an immense military establishment

[07:44.70]and a large arms industry

[07:47.10]is new in the American experience.

[07:49.83]The total influence

[07:51.77]economic, political, even spiritual

[07:55.53]is felt in every city,

[07:57.26]every Statehouse,

[07:58.73]every office of the Federal government.

[08:01.33]We recognize the imperative need

[08:03.77]for this development.

[08:05.31]Yet, we must not fail to comprehend

[08:07.34]its grave implications.

[08:10.52]Our toil, resources, and livelihood

[08:13.28]are all involved.

[08:15.00]So is the very structure of our society.

[08:17.70]In the councils of government,

[08:20.44]we must guard against

[08:22.66]the acquisition of unwarranted influence,

[08:25.10]whether sought or unsought,

[08:26.77]by the military industrial complex.

[08:30.46]The potential for the disastrous rise

[08:32.84]of misplaced power exists

[08:34.20]and will persist.

[08:36.91]We must never let the weight

[08:38.98]of this combination endanger

[08:40.39]our liberties or democratic processes.

[08:43.38]We should take nothing for granted.

[08:45.85]Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry

[08:48.94]can compel the proper meshing

[08:51.63]of the huge industrial

[08:53.26]and military machinery of defense

[08:55.90]with our peaceful methods and goals,

[08:58.59]so that security and liberty

[09:00.53]may prosper together.

[09:03.72]Akin to, and largely responsible

[09:06.21]for the sweeping changes

[09:07.70]in our industrial military posture,

[09:10.27]has been the technological revolution

[09:12.25]during recent decades.

[09:14.34]In this revolution, research has become central

[09:18.64]it also

[09:20.01]becomes more formalized, complex, and costly.

[09:24.21]A steadily increasing share

[09:25.79]is conducted for, by, or at the direction of,

[09:29.42]the Federal government.

[09:31.40]Today, the solitary inventor,

[09:33.83]tinkering in his shop,

[09:36.03]has been overshadowed

[09:37.34]by task forces of scientists

[09:40.04]in laboratories and testing fields.

[09:43.37]In the same fashion,

[09:45.37]the free university,

[09:48.89]historically the fountainhead

[09:51.02]of free ideas and scientific discovery,

[09:54.58]has experienced a revolution

[09:56.80]in the conduct of research.

[09:59.28]Partly because of the huge costs involved,

[10:02.33]a government contract

[10:03.74]becomes virtually

[10:05.22]a substitute for intellectual curiosity.

[10:09.99]For every old blackboard

[10:11.97]there are now hundreds of new

[10:13.95]electronic computers.

[10:16.66]The prospect of domination

[10:18.53]of the nation's scholars

[10:20.16]by Federal employment,

[10:21.58]project allocations,

[10:23.47]and the power of money is ever present

[10:25.99]and is gravely to be regarded.

[10:29.25]Yet, in holding scientific research

[10:31.95]and discovery in respect,

[10:33.76]as we should,

[10:35.35]we must also be alert

[10:37.08]to the equal and opposite danger

[10:39.19]that public policy could itself

[10:41.79]become the captive

[10:43.70]of a scientific technological elite.

[10:47.96]It is the task of statesmanship

[10:50.18]to mold, to balance, and to integrate

[10:52.71]these and other forces,

[10:54.27]new and old,

[10:55.36]within the principles of our democratic system

[10:58.34]ever aiming toward the supreme goals

[11:01.13]of our free society.

[11:05.10]Another factor in maintaining balance

[11:07.93]involves the element of time.

[11:10.51]As we peer into society's future,

[11:13.38]we you and I,

[11:16.42]and our government

[11:17.95]must avoid the impulse

[11:19.49]to live only for today,

[11:21.79]plundering for our own ease and convenience

[11:24.62]the precious resources of tomorrow.

[11:27.61]We cannot mortgage

[11:29.68]the material assets of our grandchildren

[11:32.22]without risking the loss also

[11:34.24]of their political and spiritual heritage.

[11:36.94]We want democracy to survive

[11:39.87]for all generations to come

[11:42.04]not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow.

[11:45.98]During the long lane

[11:48.57]of the history yet to be written,

[11:51.74]America knows that this world of ours,

[11:53.77]ever growing smaller

[11:55.39]must avoid becoming a community

[11:57.97]of dreadful fear and hate,

[11:59.69]and be, instead

[12:01.05]a proud confederation

[12:02.83]of mutual trust and respect.

[12:05.86]Such a confederation must be one of equals.

[12:08.49]The weakest

[12:09.65]must come to the conference table

[12:11.62]with the same confidence as do we,

[12:15.06]protected as we are

[12:16.47]by our moral, economic

[12:18.40]and military strength.

[12:20.38]That table

[12:21.94]though scarred by many past frustrations,

[12:25.58]cannot be abandoned for the certainty agony

[12:28.66]of disarmament of the battlefield.

[12:31.49]Disarmament

[12:32.71]with mutual honor and confidence,

[12:34.44]is a continuing imperative.

[12:36.77]Together we must learn

[12:38.55]how to compose differences

[12:40.26]not with arms

[12:41.43]but with intellect and decent purpose.

[12:45.58]Because this need is so sharp and apparent

[12:49.33]I confess that I lay down

[12:51.10]my official responsibilities in this field

[12:53.78]with a definite sense of disappointment.

[12:57.62]As one who has witnessed the horror

[12:59.64]and the lingering sadness of war

[13:02.33]as one who knows

[13:03.33]that another war could

[13:04.81]utterly destroy this civilization

[13:06.67]which has been so slowly

[13:08.54]and painfully built over thousands of years

[13:11.57]I wish I could say tonight

[13:13.34]that a lasting peace is in sight.

[13:17.08]Happily, I can say

[13:19.76]that war has been avoided.

[13:22.08]Steady progress toward our ultimate goal

[13:24.21]has been made.

[13:25.73]But so much remains to be done.

[13:29.12]As a private citizen,

[13:31.40]I shall never cease to do

[13:32.62]what little I can

[13:33.78]to help the world advance

[13:35.75]along that road.

[13:37.62]So, in this

[13:39.23]my last good night to you

[13:40.55]as your President,

[13:41.97]I thank you for the many opportunities

[13:44.19]you have given me

[13:45.36]for public service in war and in peace.

[13:49.09]I trust in that service

[13:52.23]you find some things worthy.

[13:54.41]As for the rest of it

[13:55.98] I know you will find ways

[13:57.45]to improve performance

[13:59.12]in the future.

[14:00.95]You and I

[14:02.06]my fellow citizens,

[14:04.18]need to be strong in our faith

[14:05.69]that all nations, under God

[14:07.47]will reach the goal of peace with justice.

[14:11.22]May we be ever unswerving

[14:13.28]in devotion to principle

[14:15.21]confident but humble with power,

[14:18.45]diligent in pursuit of the Nations'great goals.

[14:21.83]To all the peoples of the world,

[14:24.56]I once more give expression

[14:26.33]to America's prayerful

[14:28.31]and continuing aspiration:

[14:31.04]We pray that peoples of all faiths,

[14:34.68]all races, all nations,

[14:36.51]may have their great human needs satisfied

[14:40.24]that those now denied opportunity

[14:42.42]shall come to enjoy it to the full

[14:45.60]that all who yearn for freedom

[14:47.46]may experience its few spiritual blessings.

[14:51.31]Those who have freedom

[14:53.90]will understand, also,

[14:55.26]its heavy responsibility

[14:57.48]that all who are insensitive

[14:59.30]to the needs of others

[15:00.82]will learn charity

[15:02.89]and that the sources scourges

[15:05.17]of poverty, disease, and ignorance

[15:07.99]will be made disappear from the earth

[15:11.23]and that in the goodness of time

[15:13.30]all peoples will come to live together

[15:15.53]in a peace guaranteed

[15:17.90]by the binding force

[15:19.92]of mutual respect and love.

[15:23.01]Now, on Friday noon

[15:25.38]I am to become a private citizen.

[15:29.63]I am proud to do so.

[15:31.77]I look forward to it.

[15:34.45]Thank you, and good night.