走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué) 第23期:印度總理尼赫魯
Nehru— India's Prime Minister
印度總理尼赫魯
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India, as well as the father of the most famous Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He was a patriot, a freedom fighter as well as a highly regarded statesman.
賈瓦哈拉爾尼赫魯是印度首任總理，同時(shí)也是印度史上最出名的總理——英吉拉甘地的父親。尼赫魯是一個(gè)愛國(guó)者，一個(gè)為自由而戰(zhàn)的斗士，同時(shí)也是一位非常受人尊重的政治家。
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14，1889 in Allahabad, central India. His father was a prominent advocate and early leader of the Indian independence movement. The younger Nehru graduated from Cambridge University, and returned to India in 1912.
1889年12月4日，賈瓦哈拉爾尼赫魯出生在印度中部的阿拉哈巴德。他的父親是一位杰出的辯護(hù)律師，同時(shí)也是印度獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)的早期領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。年輕的尼赫魯畢業(yè)于劍橋大學(xué)，并在1912年回到印度。
Even though he had a brilliant academic record, the legal profession did not attract him. Instead，he wanted to join the freedom struggle under the influence of Gandhiji. For a while he was the Chairman of the Allahabad Municipal Committee as a member of the Congress and then he joined the Home Rule League established by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant.
雖然尼赫魯學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)異，但是他對(duì)法律并不感興趣，在甘地的影響下迫切想加入旨在印度獨(dú)立的運(yùn)動(dòng)。作為國(guó)會(huì)議員，尼赫魯曾在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)任阿拉哈巴德市政委員會(huì)主席，然后他加入了由巴爾甘加達(dá)爾提拉克和安妮貝贊特創(chuàng)建的印度自治同
During the freedom struggle, he courted arrest many a times, and had been jailed 14 years in all. He was elected Congress President 5 times，and it was under his influence that the Congress adopted complete freedom as its goal. In 1947，after India gained its independence, he was automatically elected first Prime Minister*
在爭(zhēng)取印度獨(dú)立的斗爭(zhēng)中，尼赫魯多次面臨被捕的危險(xiǎn)，總共做了14年牢。他5 次當(dāng)選國(guó)會(huì)議長(zhǎng)。在的影響下，國(guó)會(huì)把印度的完全自由和獨(dú)立作為奮斗目標(biāo)。1947 年印度獲得獨(dú)立后，尼赫魯理所當(dāng)然地被選舉為首任總理。
Nehru headed the Indian government for 17 long and brilliant years. He wanted India to develop into a world-recognizednation. He supported technological and scientific progress encouraged art and literature, wanted to eliminate discrimination from the face of the world and encouraged peaceful co-existence. Nehru did not believe in aligning himself with the military political blocks and wanted to end the cold war. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1955.
尼赫魯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)印度政府長(zhǎng)達(dá)17年，成績(jī)斐然，在任期間，他一直致力于把印度發(fā)展成一個(gè)世界聞名的國(guó)家。尼赫魯支持科技進(jìn)步、鼓勵(lì)藝術(shù)和文學(xué)發(fā)展；試圖在全世界范圍內(nèi)消除歧視，鼓勵(lì)和平共處:不贊成和軍事、政治陣營(yíng)聯(lián)盟，支持結(jié)束冷戰(zhàn)。 1955年尼赫魯獲得印度最高榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)——巴域維那。
Nehru was a renowned orator. He could give many extemporaneous speeches in a single day. His most famous speech is the “Tryst with Destiny，addressing to the Constltuent Assembly of India in New Delhi on the night of August 14th, 1947.
尼赫魯是一位知名的演講家，能在一天之內(nèi)做出很多即興演講，其中最著名的是1947年8月14 日晚在新德里的印度制憲會(huì)議上的演講《命運(yùn)之約》。
Not only was he a brilliant orator, a charming, warm and noble thinker and philosopher, but also a fantastic writer. He has written a few wonderful books Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History and Letters from a father to a daughter. His autobiography, Towards Freedom (1936) ran nine editions in the first year alone.
尼赫魯不僅是一位卓越的演講家，一位有魅力、熱情的、高尚的思想家和哲學(xué)家，還是一位極其出色的作家。他的佳作包括：《印度的發(fā)現(xiàn)》、《世界歷史一瞥》和《一個(gè)父親給女兒的信》 等。尼赫魯?shù)淖詡鳌蹲呦蜃杂伞罚?936年出版）在問世第一年就再版了8次。
