走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué) 第21期:尋找福爾摩斯

所屬教程:走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué)

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2018年04月23日

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Sherlock Holmes，Where Is He

尋找福爾摩斯

Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century who first appeared in publication in 1887. He was the creation of Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

夏洛克福爾摩斯是19世紀(jì)晚期至20世紀(jì)早期的一個虛構(gòu)角色，他第一次出現(xiàn)在公眾視野是在1887年。福爾摩斯是由蘇格蘭作家、內(nèi)科醫(yī)生阿瑟柯南道爾爵士創(chuàng)作出來的。

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He studied to be a doctor at the University of Edinburgh and set up a small practice at Southsea in Hampshire during his 20s. While the practice proved largely unsuccessful, the lack of patients provided him with the opportunity to create possibly the most popular character ever introduced in the history of fiction, Sherlock Holmes.

阿瑟柯南道爾爵士出生于蘇格蘭愛丁堡。為了能成為醫(yī)生，他到愛丁堡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)。20歲時，道爾在英國的漢普郡南海城開了一個小診所。這個診所開得不太成功，來看病的人很少，這使得他有機(jī)會創(chuàng)作出小說史上最受歡迎的角色——夏洛克福爾摩斯。

While at University, Conan Doyle had been greatly influenced by Dr. Joseph Bell, one of his professors. Bell was an expert in the use of deductive reasoning to diagnose disease. Conan Doyle was so impressed that he used these same principles when creating his famous detective.

大學(xué)期間，柯南道爾受他的老師，約瑟夫貝爾醫(yī)生影響很大。貝爾是運(yùn)用推理診斷疾病的專家，他給柯南道爾留下了深刻印象。在創(chuàng)作偵探福爾摩斯這個著名角色時，柯南道爾運(yùn)用了同樣的推理方法。

Sherlock Holmes was introduced in A Study in Scarlet, followed by A Sign of Four in 1890, but didn’t really take hold of the public’s imagination until Strand magazine, newly founded in 1890，published a series of short stories called The Adventures of Sherlock Hoimes. From that point on the public couldn’t get enough of Holmes and his always reliable confidant, John Watson.

夏洛克福爾摩斯是在《血字的研究》中出場的，在1890年的《四簽名》中再次出現(xiàn)。但是直到創(chuàng)刊于1890年的《海濱雜志》刊登了一系列名為“福爾摩斯歷險記” 的短篇小說后，福爾摩斯才成為公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。從那時起，公眾總是對福爾摩斯和他忠誠的密友約翰華生的故事欲罷不能。

Residing in London at 22 IB Baker Street, with his keen sense of observation, lean face, hooked nose, and his ever-present pipe, Holmes’s character and personality set him apart from all others. This personality is what caught the reader’s imagination.

福爾摩斯居住在倫敦貝克街221B號，他觀察敏銳、臉頰消瘦、鼻似鷹鉤，經(jīng)常叼著煙斗，不俗的長相和鮮明的個性讓他在人群中卓爾不凡，正是這種人格魅力引發(fā)了讀者的無限遐想。

From 1891 to 1893，Strand published stories featuring Holmes and Watson, all avidly followed by the public. When in The Final Problem，Holmes and his longtime enemy, Professor Moriarty, are killed off, the public outcry was so great, Conan Doyle was forced to bring him back to life. He continued the exploits of Holmes and Watson nine years later in The Hound of the Baskervilles.

從1891年到1893年，《海濱雜志》發(fā)表了一系列關(guān)于福爾摩斯和華生的小說，受到公眾的熱烈追捧。在《最后一案》中,福爾摩斯和他的死敵莫里亞蒂教授被“殺死” 了，引起了民眾很大的激憤，柯南道爾不得不讓福爾摩斯起死回生。在9年后的《巴斯克維爾的獵犬》中，他繼續(xù)講述著福爾摩斯和華生的故事。

Sherlock Holmes is without doubt one of the most beloved figures in the history of mystery fiction. In all, Holmes and Watson were featured in four novels and 56 short stories.

在懸疑小說歷史上，福爾摩斯無疑是最受人喜愛的一個角色。福爾摩斯和華生總共在4個長篇小說和56個短故事中出現(xiàn)過。

Despite the success of his most famous character, throughout his adult life Conan Doyle sought to escape the Sherlock Holmes phenomenon and concentrate on writing about his other interests.

雖然柯南道爾成功塑造了福爾摩斯這個著名角色，但在生活中，柯南道爾總是試圖逃避夏洛克福爾摩斯現(xiàn)象并專注于其他方面的寫作。