美國(guó)商業(yè)大亨傳奇 第23期:復(fù)仇者的崛起(6)
The United States of America is changing like neverbefore.
一場(chǎng)前所未有的改變正在美國(guó)發(fā)生。
In just a decade,
短短十年間，
the country has become one of the most advanced on earth,
它就成為了全世界最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家之一。
and darkness no longer means the end of the day.
夜幕降臨再也不是一天的終點(diǎn)。
Two men have driven this remaking of the country.
有兩個(gè)人推進(jìn)了國(guó)家的重塑步伐。
John D. Rockefeller and Cornelius Vanderbilt
他們是約翰·D·洛克菲勒和科尼利厄斯·范德比爾特
are locked in a battle of wills.
無(wú)法不參與這場(chǎng)意志力的較量。
Commodore.
船隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)
Mr. Rockefeller.
洛克菲勒先生
Vanderbilt and his competitors are in drastic
范德比爾特和他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手們
search of passengers and cargo to fill the trains running on their lines.
為了裝滿(mǎn)自己線(xiàn)路上的火車(chē)正四處招攬乘客和貨物。
In the 1870s, the country needed to be connected via railroads,
1870年代 整個(gè)國(guó)家依靠鐵路來(lái)建立連接。
and what happens then is everybody who thinks they have an edge
在當(dāng)時(shí)，所有認(rèn)為自己在鐵路這個(gè)行業(yè)有能力分一杯羹的人
in the railroad business goes out and raises money
都在游走去為此集資
and they start their own railroad.
然后開(kāi)始自己的鐵路事業(yè)。
And what happened then is we've seen happen many of times
我們知道，那時(shí)發(fā)生的和之后很多時(shí)候一樣，
since then, is it created a huge bubble.
（在經(jīng)濟(jì)上）產(chǎn)生了巨大的泡沫。
John D. Rockefeller's oil makes up nearly forty percent of the cargo shipped on the rails.
40%的鐵路運(yùn)輸貨運(yùn)量，都是來(lái)自約翰·D·洛克菲勒的石油。
But when Vanderbilt teams with
但是當(dāng)范德比爾特
his biggest rival to push for a rate increase,
與其最大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手聯(lián)手準(zhǔn)備抬高運(yùn)輸價(jià)格時(shí)，
Rockefeller takes it as a declaration of war.
洛克菲勒就認(rèn)為這個(gè)他們對(duì)他的宣戰(zhàn)。
He builds a pipeline in response,
洛克菲勒修建管道（運(yùn)輸）作為反擊，
and begins to pull his shipments.
并從此停止了鐵路運(yùn)輸。
And since the railroads have been drastically overbuilt,
而當(dāng)時(shí)是過(guò)度建造的鐵路線(xiàn)路
losing cargo means losing money.
喪失貨物運(yùn)輸就意味著喪失財(cái)路。
Stocks plummet as investors run scared.
股價(jià)一落千丈，也讓投資者恐懼。
When prices get out of control,
當(dāng)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格失控時(shí)，
and smart people decide,
機(jī)智的人會(huì)想，
"Wow, this thing is a bubble, I want out",
啊，這是（虛擬的）泡沫，我不再參與，
then you can get a collapse very quickly.
那緊接著就會(huì)是（產(chǎn)業(yè)）大垮臺(tái)。
By the time the Panic is through,
當(dāng)這場(chǎng)恐慌過(guò)去之后，
one-third of the country's 360 railroad companies have gone bankrupt.
全國(guó)360家鐵路公司有1/3都走向了破產(chǎn)。
Every crisis of this type,
每一次類(lèi)似的危及
whether it's 2008,
無(wú)論是2008年
or 1873,
或1873年
has got the same roots.
根源都是相同的。
Namely, that it was unanticipated.
就是說(shuō)，誰(shuí)都沒(méi)有預(yù)料到。
So a necessary condition for a crisis is nobody expects it.
沒(méi)人預(yù)料到是危機(jī)的暴發(fā)是有一個(gè)必要條件的。
The crash is the worst America has seen in its short history.
在美國(guó)短暫歷史中，這次危機(jī)可謂最糟糕的一次。
一場(chǎng)前所未有的改變正在美國(guó)發(fā)生。
In just a decade,
短短十年間，
the country has become one of the most advanced on earth,
它就成為了全世界最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家之一。
and darkness no longer means the end of the day.
夜幕降臨再也不是一天的終點(diǎn)。
Two men have driven this remaking of the country.
有兩個(gè)人推進(jìn)了國(guó)家的重塑步伐。
John D. Rockefeller and Cornelius Vanderbilt
他們是約翰·D·洛克菲勒和科尼利厄斯·范德比爾特
are locked in a battle of wills.
無(wú)法不參與這場(chǎng)意志力的較量。
Commodore.
船隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)
Mr. Rockefeller.
洛克菲勒先生
Vanderbilt and his competitors are in drastic
范德比爾特和他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手們
search of passengers and cargo to fill the trains running on their lines.
為了裝滿(mǎn)自己線(xiàn)路上的火車(chē)正四處招攬乘客和貨物。
In the 1870s, the country needed to be connected via railroads,
1870年代 整個(gè)國(guó)家依靠鐵路來(lái)建立連接。
and what happens then is everybody who thinks they have an edge
在當(dāng)時(shí)，所有認(rèn)為自己在鐵路這個(gè)行業(yè)有能力分一杯羹的人
in the railroad business goes out and raises money
都在游走去為此集資
and they start their own railroad.
然后開(kāi)始自己的鐵路事業(yè)。
And what happened then is we've seen happen many of times
我們知道，那時(shí)發(fā)生的和之后很多時(shí)候一樣，
since then, is it created a huge bubble.
（在經(jīng)濟(jì)上）產(chǎn)生了巨大的泡沫。
John D. Rockefeller's oil makes up nearly forty percent of the cargo shipped on the rails.
40%的鐵路運(yùn)輸貨運(yùn)量，都是來(lái)自約翰·D·洛克菲勒的石油。
But when Vanderbilt teams with
但是當(dāng)范德比爾特
his biggest rival to push for a rate increase,
與其最大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手聯(lián)手準(zhǔn)備抬高運(yùn)輸價(jià)格時(shí)，
Rockefeller takes it as a declaration of war.
洛克菲勒就認(rèn)為這個(gè)他們對(duì)他的宣戰(zhàn)。
He builds a pipeline in response,
洛克菲勒修建管道（運(yùn)輸）作為反擊，
and begins to pull his shipments.
并從此停止了鐵路運(yùn)輸。
And since the railroads have been drastically overbuilt,
而當(dāng)時(shí)是過(guò)度建造的鐵路線(xiàn)路
losing cargo means losing money.
喪失貨物運(yùn)輸就意味著喪失財(cái)路。
Stocks plummet as investors run scared.
股價(jià)一落千丈，也讓投資者恐懼。
When prices get out of control,
當(dāng)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格失控時(shí)，
and smart people decide,
機(jī)智的人會(huì)想，
"Wow, this thing is a bubble, I want out",
啊，這是（虛擬的）泡沫，我不再參與，
then you can get a collapse very quickly.
那緊接著就會(huì)是（產(chǎn)業(yè)）大垮臺(tái)。
By the time the Panic is through,
當(dāng)這場(chǎng)恐慌過(guò)去之后，
one-third of the country's 360 railroad companies have gone bankrupt.
全國(guó)360家鐵路公司有1/3都走向了破產(chǎn)。
Every crisis of this type,
每一次類(lèi)似的危及
whether it's 2008,
無(wú)論是2008年
or 1873,
或1873年
has got the same roots.
根源都是相同的。
Namely, that it was unanticipated.
就是說(shuō)，誰(shuí)都沒(méi)有預(yù)料到。
So a necessary condition for a crisis is nobody expects it.
沒(méi)人預(yù)料到是危機(jī)的暴發(fā)是有一個(gè)必要條件的。
The crash is the worst America has seen in its short history.
在美國(guó)短暫歷史中，這次危機(jī)可謂最糟糕的一次。
