大學(xué)英語作文:六級寫作講義--結(jié)構(gòu)篇

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本文來自新東方名師的課堂講義，名師總結(jié)了歷年四、六級考試寫作的題型；并對文章結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的寫作進行了闡述，現(xiàn)將其整理如下，供大家參考。希望對大家的四，六級寫作有幫助。一、題型分類 (Classification of every essay):1、對比觀點話題:題型特點：1) 大多為三點提綱，提綱模式一般為：有一些人……；還有人……；我的看法或觀點；2) 少數(shù)時候也會出現(xiàn)兩點提綱的情況，此時可以補充成三點提綱來寫作。歷年真題：2000.6； 1999.6； 1998.6； 1997.6； 1996.1；1995.6；1993.6； 1993.12、 社會熱點話題:題型特點：1) 應(yīng)該為三點提綱，但是通常以兩點提綱出現(xiàn)的題目居多，所涉及主題為當時社會熱點；2) 如果是兩點提綱，則補充成三點提綱寫作。3) 通常模式為：現(xiàn)象概述--細節(jié)（原因、危害、方式等）--自我評論歷年真題：2002.12； 2000.12； 2000.1； 1999.1； 1997.12； 1995.1；3、圖標題:題型特點：1) 以圖表作為信息來源的寫作模式2) 通常模式為：描述圖表--解釋原因--自我評論歷年真題：2003.6; 2000.6； 1996.6； 1992.1； 1991.64、書信題:題型特點：1) 寫書信歷年真題：2001.6； 2002.1；5、諺語格言題:題型特點：1) 文章題目為一句格言或諺語2) 通常模式為：解釋諺語--舉例論證--畫龍點睛歷年真題：1997.1；二、文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：一）典型的對比觀點文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(啟)Paragraph I:1) 引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點；2) 簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。(承)Paragraph II:1) 提出一種觀點或優(yōu)點；2) 本段的支持性分論點；3) 本段總結(jié)(可以省略)。(轉(zhuǎn))Paragraph III:1) 承上啟下的過渡句；2) 提出另一種觀點或缺點；3) 本段的支持性分論點4) 本段總(可以省略)。(合)Paragraph IV:1) 平衡兩種看法；2) 給出自己的觀點。二）圖表題文章寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：Paragraph I:1) 描述圖表：趨勢描寫；2) 描述圖表：必要數(shù)據(jù)支持（細節(jié)性）。Paragraph II:1) 提出自己理由和觀點；2) 細節(jié)性分論點（支持自己觀點）。Paragraph III:1) 預(yù)測未來和提出解決方法；2) 總結(jié)全文和表達作者自己觀點。圖表題文章有用的表達方式有:1) According to the graph 如圖所示，還可以說成 As can be seen from the graph2) steep rise 陡然上升， steady decrease 緩慢下降三）書信題寫作五點基本結(jié)構(gòu)開門見山說意圖咨詢建議一二三不同內(nèi)容可分段感謝客氣不可少期盼回信成老套開 頭 段：1. 告知對方你的身份（假如對方不認識你）1) Dear Sir/Mr. Prometheus,2) I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.3) I am a … at your …4) I am a … at your college, enrolled in the … course.5) My name is …, I am ….2. 問候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）1) Dear Prometheus,2) Hello/Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / How are things going with you?/ How are you getting on in……?3. 解釋寫信的原因(1). 致謝：1) I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.2) I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.3) Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada.4) I am writing to you to express my heartfelt gratitude.5) I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…….6) I would like to thank you most sincerely for…….(2). 抱怨：1) I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.2) I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at …3) I wish to make a complaint about…….4) I am writing to draw your attention to…….5) I am afraid I have got a complaint about…….(3). 致歉：1) I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects.2) I am writing to you because I am unable to…….3) I am terribly sorry that…….4) I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…….(4). 詢問：1) I would like to obtain/request/seek/inquire about some information about…2) I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.3) I would like some detailed information on/about……結(jié) 尾 段：1. 發(fā)出請求1) Please give this matter your immediate attention.2) I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible.3) Please render me some valuable advice which is conducive to my final decision.2. 提供幫助1) I hope these ……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.2) ……will be taking over responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you.3. 再次表示歉意或感激1) Thank you for your kind assistance.2) Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.3) I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will understand.4) In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.www.yingyuzuowen.cn5) I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.6) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.4. 期盼回信1) I look forward to your prompt response.2) Looking forward to a prompt reply.3) I expect to hear from you very soon.4) I hope to receive your reply shortly.5) I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.各類文章主體句式(Body)總結(jié)如下：1. 原 因 結(jié) 果例：There are probably +[many/several/three]+[resons/causes]+ for this +[dramatic/marked]+[increase/decline/change]+ in...2. 比 較 對 照例：[There is no doubt that/Obviously,]+ it has [its/both]+[drawbacks/disadvantages/negative effects]+[as well as/and]+[merits/advantages/positive effects]...3. 例 證例：We may +[cite/quote/mention/take/point out]+[a single/a common/another]+ example of...4. 事 實例：No one can +[deny/doubt/ignor/overlook]+ the +[bare/hard/essential/profound]+ fact that...5. 數(shù) 據(jù) 調(diào) 查例：A +[recent/new/nationwide]+[study/survey/poll/investigation]+[conducted/taken]+[at a factory/by officials]...6. 權(quán) 威（專 家）例：As one +[scientist/writer/doctor/psychologist]+[wrote/commented/pointed out/noted], ...7. 分 析例：It seems +[quite/almost]+[(un)likely/(im)possible/(in)credible/(in)conceivable]+ that...文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)框架搭建好，再填入精煉的句子和優(yōu)美的詞匯表達，相信你一定會寫出優(yōu)美的文章！贏得高分！