時(shí)差N小時(shí):兒童勞動(dòng)法 Child Labor Laws

Child Labor Laws-Today on CongressionalMoment：Over a hundred years ago the IndustrialRevolution quickened the pace of manufacturing, andbusinessmen sought cheaper labor. Millions ofchildren worked at dangerous jobs, and the nationaldebate over Child Labor laws began. Listen to thesejournal entries from the early 1900s...

今日國(guó)會(huì)時(shí)刻——兒童勞動(dòng)法：一百多年前，隨著工業(yè)革命到來(lái)，制造業(yè)的發(fā)展步伐加快，商人們要尋求更加廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力。數(shù)百萬(wàn)的兒童干著危險(xiǎn)的工作，關(guān)于童工勞動(dòng)法的爭(zhēng)論也愈演愈烈。下面來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)來(lái)自20世紀(jì)早期的日記條目。

Character Voice 1：On cold, rainy mornings, well before dawn, I have been awakened by theclatter of boots as the half-awake, joyless children hurried not to school, but to the greatfactory. They are thin and sickly looking...

日記1：在寒冷，下著雨的早晨，黎明前夕，我被一陣嘩啦的靴子聲吵醒，原來(lái)是睡眼朦朧，郁郁寡歡的孩童，他們急促地跑向大工廠，而不是學(xué)校。他們身型瘦弱，面容憔悴...

Character Voice 2：I worked in a factory where they made oil cans, and I saw children 8 and 10years old work like slaves on big machines...most every day it happened that a finger or handwas cut off, but that didn't matter, they were sent home, and others would take their places.

日記2：我在一家生產(chǎn)油壺的工廠上班，我看見(jiàn)八九歲的孩子們?cè)诰薮蟮臋C(jī)器前像奴隸一樣干活...幾乎每天都有童工的手指、手被機(jī)器碾斷，但這種情況并沒(méi)有引起重視，他們被遣送回家，其他的孩子會(huì)填補(bǔ)他的位子。

ANNCR: The injustices of child labor prompted people to organize, in an effort to getCongressional regulation. While many states took it upon themselves to regulate child labor,many did not.

童工受到的不公正待遇促使人們?nèi)コ闪⒔M織，致力于贏取國(guó)會(huì)的改革方案。許多州主動(dòng)承擔(dān)起規(guī)范兒童勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)的責(zé)任，然而其他州卻沒(méi)有。

As national discontent continued to grow, a key challenge for Congress was protectingchildren in every state without interfering with state's rights.

隨著國(guó)內(nèi)不滿情緒日益高漲，國(guó)會(huì)面臨著重大挑戰(zhàn)——在不損害各州利益的同時(shí)保護(hù)童工的合法權(quán)益。

Eventually, after years of debate, the Fair Labor Standards Act was passed in 1938, and upheldby the Supreme Court in 1941. It provided basic protections, not only to children, but to allworkers in the U.S.

最終，經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的爭(zhēng)論，《公平勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法案》于1938年出臺(tái)，并于1941年獲得最高法院支持。這條法案不僅是在保護(hù)兒童的基本權(quán)益，也是在保護(hù)所有的美國(guó)公民。