【BBC紀(jì)錄片】佛教寶地 第13期:佛教"因果報(bào)應(yīng)"的概念

Karma is one of the main concepts of Buddhism.

因果報(bào)應(yīng)是佛教的最重要的概念之一。

It is the belief that any of our intentional actions,both thought and deed, will be mirrored bysomething similar happening to us in future.

是認(rèn)為所有有意的行為，無論是思想還是行動(dòng)，都會(huì)在未來以某種相似方式反映到我們身上。

So, if you harm someone, someone will harm you.

所以如果你傷害別人，你也會(huì)受到別人的傷害。

This principle of cause and effect can bring consequences that are either good or baddepending on what it is you've done.

因果報(bào)應(yīng)的原則，就是無論善報(bào)惡報(bào)，皆是由你曾經(jīng)的所作所為決定的。

Because Buddhists believe we have many lives, this good and bad karma can generateconsequences both throughout this life and long into the next.

因?yàn)榉鸾掏较嘈盼覀冇泻芏嗍赖纳茦I(yè)與惡業(yè)所產(chǎn)生的后果不僅會(huì)應(yīng)驗(yàn)到此生，甚至?xí)永m(xù)到來世。

Karma is what you do.

“Karma”指的是你的所作所為。

The word literally means deed or action.

字面上的意思是行為和活動(dòng)。

But the Buddha said that all Karma that matters is what is morally good or morally bad, andyou decide what to do.

但佛陀說“業(yè)”，最要緊的就是道德上的善與惡，以及你決定如何去做。

Now, we must remember that for Buddhists, your life goes on beyond what we normally think ofas this life.

我們必須記住，對(duì)于佛教徒來說，生命是超越我們平常認(rèn)為“這輩子”的。

In fact, you are reborn an infinite number of times until you manage to bring that to an end.

實(shí)際上，在設(shè)法跳出輪回之前，你都將無限次地重生。

Buddhists use a metaphor to help explain what karma is.

佛教徒用一個(gè)比喻來解釋什么是“業(yè)”。

They say that if you sow thistle seed, then you can't expect apple trees to grow, and that isvery clear.

他們說，如果你種下的是薊草的種子，那你就不能指望長(zhǎng)出來的是蘋果樹。

It's a basic principle of cause and effect.

解釋得非常清楚，這就是因果的基本原理。

And as a historian, I know that that principle has real validity.

作為歷史學(xué)者，我知道這個(gè)原則是非常正確的。

We are all affected by our past and our past and our present together informs our future.

我們?nèi)慷急晃覀兊倪^去所影響，而過去和現(xiàn)在又一起決定我們的未來。

So when the Buddha said that we should be mindful of our intentional actions,

所以，當(dāng)佛陀說我們應(yīng)當(dāng)注意自己的行為舉止和“業(yè)”，

of our karma and that our highest authority is our conscience, then he was making realsense.

我們的最高權(quán)威是自己的良心時(shí)，他的話真的很有道理。

And he was also clarifying something about what it is to be human.

同時(shí)，他也道出了人之所以為人的意義所在。

Of course, the issue is that karma can be both good and bad.

當(dāng)然，“業(yè)”有善業(yè)與惡業(yè)。

And in Sri Lanka, the fallout of action and reaction, of cause and effect, has been brutallytested in recent years.

在斯里蘭卡，作用與反作用，因與果的關(guān)系最近幾年以一種野蠻的方式得以驗(yàn)證。

For nearly three decades, the country has been locked in a violent civil war, in which close on100,000 people have been killed.

近三十年來，這個(gè)國(guó)家陷入一場(chǎng)暴力內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之中，有將近10萬人喪生。

Sri Lanka is only now emerging from this debilitating conflict between the Hindu Tamilminority and a Buddhist Singhalese majority.

斯里蘭卡剛剛從這場(chǎng)武裝沖突中緩過勁來。沖突是在少數(shù)的信仰印度教的泰米爾族，與多數(shù)的信仰佛教的僧伽羅族間爆發(fā)的。

The Temple of the Tooth was badly hit and partially destroyed during the war.

佛牙寺被嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，甚至有部分在戰(zhàn)時(shí)被摧毀。

It has now been fully restored.

現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被完全修復(fù)了。

Buddhists believe this cycle of death and destruction can be broken.

佛教徒相信死亡與毀滅的循環(huán)是可以被打破的。

They assert that by following a certain path, it is possible to break out of a continuous roundof life and death and rebirth, which in Buddhism has a name. Samsara.

他們堅(jiān)持相信，通過特定的途徑，可以打破生——死——重生的無限循環(huán)。佛教有個(gè)專有名詞稱呼這種循環(huán)：“輪回”。

And Samsara is the concept I am going to investigate now as I move to the next wonder ofthe Buddhist world.

現(xiàn)在我要?jiǎng)由砬巴乱惶幏鸾缡サ?，研?ldquo;輪回”的概念。