異類(lèi)之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第138期:權(quán)利距離指數(shù)

Denmark and Belgium may share in a kind of broad European liber-democratic tradition,

丹麥人和比利時(shí)人共同分享歐洲廣闊的自由民主貿(mào)易，

but they have different histories, different political structures, different religious traditions, different languages and food and architecture and literature-going back hundreds and hundreds of years.

但是他們卻有著不同的歷史，不同的政治體系，不同的宗教傳統(tǒng)，以及不同的語(yǔ)言、食物、建筑和文學(xué)——這要回溯到幾萬(wàn)年以前。

And the sum total of all those differences is that in certain kinds of situations that require dealing with risk and uncertainty,

以上所有的差異導(dǎo)致在特定的情況下，

Deans tend to react in a very different way from Belgians.

丹麥人面對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與不確定性時(shí)的反應(yīng)，與比利時(shí)人完全不同。

Of all of Hostede's Dimensions, though, perhaps the most interesting is what he called the "Power Distance Index."PDI.

在霍夫斯泰德的所有維度中，最有趣的一個(gè)就是被他稱(chēng)為“權(quán)利距離指數(shù)”的維度，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)PDI。

Power distance is concerned with attitudes towards hierarchy, specifically with how much a particular culture values and respects authority.

權(quán)利距離指數(shù)具體而言，就是一種特定文化中重視和尊重權(quán)威的程度。

To measure it, Hofstede asked questions like "How frequently in your experience does the following problem occur:

為了測(cè)量它，霍斯德曾經(jīng)提出如下問(wèn)答：

employees being afraid to express disagreement with their managers?"

在你的經(jīng)歷中，你遇到過(guò)多少次“雇員因害怕權(quán)威而不敢對(duì)管理人員表達(dá)不同意見(jiàn)”的事情？

In other words, to what extent do the "less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally?"

究竟需要做哪些事情“才可以讓組織和機(jī)構(gòu)里相對(duì)沒(méi)有太多權(quán)利的人接受并認(rèn)同不平等的權(quán)利分配”？

How much are older people respected and feared? Are power holders entitled special privileges?

“那些資深的雇員受到怎樣的尊重與敬畏”？“是否擁有權(quán)力就被授予了某些特權(quán)呢？”

"In low power-distance index countries," Hofstede wrote in his classic text Culture's Consequences:

霍夫斯泰德在他的經(jīng)典著作《文化的重要地位》（Cucture`s Consequences）里指出，

power is something of which power holders are almost ashamed and they will try to underplay.

在低權(quán)利距離指數(shù)的國(guó)家里，權(quán)利會(huì)讓擁有它的人感到尷尬，并且這些人始終都試圖低調(diào)行事。

I once heard a Swedish (low PDI) university official state that in order to exercise power he tried no to look powerful.

我曾經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)一位瑞典（低PDI國(guó)家）的大學(xué)官員說(shuō)，為了有效地行使權(quán)力，他曾經(jīng)試圖讓自己看起來(lái)沒(méi)有任何官威。

Leaders may enhance their informal status by renouncing formal symbols.

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們有時(shí)不得不放棄他們的官方的身份，而強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的自然身份。

In (low PDI) Austria, Prime Minister Bruno Kreisky was known to sometimes take a streetcar to work.

在澳大利亞（低PDI國(guó)家），眾所周知，總理布魯諾·克賴(lài)斯基有時(shí)會(huì)開(kāi)著路面電車(chē)去上班。

in 1974, I actually saw the Dutch (low PDI) Prime Minister, Joop den Uyl, on vacation with his motor home at a camping site in Portugal.

在1974年，我曾親眼看見(jiàn)，荷蘭（低PDI國(guó)家）總理約普·登厄伊爾在葡萄牙度假期間，僅僅開(kāi)著他的摩托房車(chē)停在一個(gè)露營(yíng)地里休息。

Such behavior of the powerful will be very unlikely in high-PDI Belgium or France.

在高PDI國(guó)家，如比利時(shí)或者是法國(guó)，發(fā)生在有權(quán)階層的事卻大相徑庭。

It's hard to imagine the Prime Ministry of either country in a streetcar or a motor home.

很難想象高PDI國(guó)家的總理會(huì)開(kāi)路面電車(chē)或是摩托房車(chē)。